Getting elite potatoes on the basis of improvement in the conditions of irrigation of the South of Ukraine.

UDC 631.03:635.21:631.6(833)

Y.O. Lavrynenko – Doctor of Agrarian sciences, professor
G.S. Balashova –  Candidate of Agrarian sciences
I.P. Bugaeva – Candidate of Agrarian sciences
Irrigated Farming Research Institute, Kherson, National Academy of
Agrarian Science, Ukraine

The aim of article is to determine the most productive potato varieties of different ripeness groups to be harvested in early period, when biologically mature as well as for planting freshly harvested tubers in summer under the South Ukraine climate conditions.
Methods. The research has been based on the integrated use of field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical, computationally-comparative methods and systems analysis in order to determine the most effective technological methods for growing improved source material in the primary seed production process. The object of the research was potato varieties of different maturity groups.
Results. The greatest productivity under the conditions of irrigated Southern steppe has been shown by the varieties with more intense accumulation of tubers in the first period of their formation, such tubers being of high quality and good for two-harvesting. This group includes such early-season varieties as Kobza, Tiras, Dnipryanka, Skarbnitsa, middle-early varieties Nevska, Svitanok kievsky, Levada, mid-ripening varieties Yavir and Slovyanka. If harvested early, these varieties yield 23.1 – 36.8 t/ha, their marketable surplus amounting to 93.4 – 98.0%. The largest number of tubers from each bush has been yielded by such varieties as Podolyanka (15.4 tubers), Slovyanka (11.3 tubers), Tiras, Dnipryanka and Nevska – 9.6, 9.4, 9.5 tubers, respectively. Marketable tubers weighing more than 100 g have been yielded by such varieties as Tiras, Skarbnitsa, Zeleny gai, Nevska, Svitanok kievsky, Levada and Yavir. For two-harvest potato varieties of greatest importance is their ability to interrupt resting and sprout when chemically stimulated, this concerns freshly harvested tubers planted in summer. The varieties that meet such requirements most fully are the following ones: Kobza, Tiras, Dnipryanka, Podolyanka, Skarbnitsa, Nevska, Svitanok kievsky and Yavir.
Conclusion. When choosing potato varieties to be cultivated under irrigation in the Southern Ukraine, the following varieties should be opted for: early-season ones – Kobza, Tiras, Skarbnitsa; middle-early ones – Nevska, Levada; mid-ripening ones – Yavir and Slovyanka which are characterized by their high productivity under harsh weather and climatic conditions and their aptitude for two harvests.

Key words: potatoes, variety, spring planting, сcultivar, summer planting, two harvest culture.

Y. Lavrynenko, G. Balashova, I. Bugaeva. Getting elite potatoes on the basis of improvement in the conditions of irrigation of the South of Ukraine.

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Ю. А. Лавриненко, Г. С. Балашова, И. П. Бугаева. Получение элиты картофеля на оздоровленной основе в условиях орошения юга Украины.
Представлены результаты исследований по сокращению срока получения элиты картофеля до 1,5 лет полевого репродуцирования, уменьшению возможного заражения растений вирусными болезнями, снижению негативного воздействия жестких погодных условий на процесс вырождения материала, увеличению коэффициента размножения и сохранению сортовых качеств картофеля в условиях засушливого климата юга Украины.

Ю. О. Лавриненко, Г. С. Балашова, І. П. Бугаєва. Одержання еліти картоплі на оздоровленій основі в умовах зрошення півдня України.
Висвітлено результати досліджень щодо скорочення строку одержання еліти картоплі до 1,5 року польового репродукування, зменшення можливого перезараження рослин вірусними хворобами, зниження негативного впливу жорстких погодних умов на процес виродження матеріалу, збільшення коефіцієнта розмноження і збереження сортових якостей картоплі в умовах посушливого клімату півдня.

The dynamics of leaf area of maize and photosynthetic indicators of crops under drip irrigation method in the South of Ukraine.

4(81), 2014

UNC 631.6:635.25:631.8(477.72)

Relevance of the topic. One of the main elements of cultivation technology of different corn hybrids under drip irrigation is a stand density of plants and background of mineral nutrition, which allows optimization the most efficient use of natural and climatic potential of the Southern Steppes of Ukraine to obtain high yields and quality of grain, the best economic and energy indicators were discussed in the article. The establishment of features of formation of leaf surface of plants and photosynthetic activity of crops are equally important, as these parameters have a direct impact on yield formation of investigated culture.

The main results. Leaf surface area significantly varied depending on the phase of plant development, and for the hybrid structure, stand density and pattern of plant nitrogen nutrition. On hybrid Mass 44.A this indicator was the highest — 44.900. m²/ha, but on the hybrids Sangria and Tibor this figure decreased on 9,7–21,9%. The thickening to 90–100 thousand plant/ha provided growth leaf surface of all hybrids on 10,1–14,5%. Nitrogen fertilizers are also provided growth assimilation surface area to 12,3–24,7%.

The net productivity of photosynthesis slightly changed at the beginning of the growing season, but from phase of fifteen leaves was marked increase this figure to 6,9–8,4 g/m² per day. The smallest photosynthetic potential for hybrid crops was discovered with Tibor with minimal plant stand density and without making nitrogen fertilizers. This indicator gained the highest level — 4.10 million m² days/ha in the form of hybrid Mass 44.A, which grew with stand density 90 thousand plant/ha and the use of fertilizers dose N180Р90.

Conclusions. Nitrogen fertilizers significantly contribute to the growth of leaf area and indicator photosynthetic activity of crops. The highest values of the studied parameters were on hybrids Sangria and Mass 44.A in stand density of plants at 80–100 thousand/ha and application of fertilizer dose N180Р90.

Keywords
drip irrigation, maize hybrids, stand density of plants, fertilizers, leaf area, photosynthetic activity of crops. (more…)