Grain productivity of soft winter wheat depending on the influence of the sowing terms and seeding rates

UDC 633.11«324»:631.53.04

А. Rozkov., Doctor of Agrarian Science
М. Bobro., Doctor of Agrarian Science
Т. Ryzhyk., assistant lecturer
Kharkiv National Agrarian University by V. V. Dokuchayev

Poor condition of winter crops causes an urgent need in agrotechnical and selective investigations in the direction of establishing the optimal and acceptable sowing terms. Winter crops which are sown in the optimal terms for each natural and climatic zone show the best indices of productivity and winter resistance. It is necessary to set them considering the peculiarities of the varieties, predecessors, fertilizers, soil moisture reserves and other factors.
In order to manage the processes of crop formation it is necessary to have the clear idea about the interaction of all the factors which affect the crop capacity.
The main factor of winter wheat productivity increase is to improve the sowing structure which is determined by productive stalk density that primarily depends on the seeding rate, sowing terms, field seed germination and survival of plants.
The aim of the research is to determine the impact of different variants of the sowing terms in interaction with the seeding rate on grain productivity of the soft winter wheat of Astet variety for the specific soil and climatic conditions.
The experiments were carried out in 2007-2009, 2014 at the experimental field of KhNAU by V. V. Dokuchayev in the field vapour grain cultivated crop rotation of the Plant Growing chair according to the conventional methods. Three variants of the sowing terms were studied in the experiments: the 5 – 7-th of September (the first control), the 15 – 17-th of September (the second), 25 – 27-th of September (the third) and four variants of the seeding rates: 4,0; 4,5; 5,0 and 5,5 mln. of seeds/ha. Winter wheat with the presented collection of the variants was sown after two predecessors: black vapour and buckwheat.
As the result of the research it was established that the highest grain productivity of the winter wheat of Astet variety on average for four years (2007 – 2009, 2014) – 5,60 t/ha, was achieved after black vapour during sowing on the 15 – 17-th of September with the seeding rate of 5mln. of grains/ha.
After buckwheat the choice of the sowing time to form the highest grain productivity depended from the weather conditions of the first half of the vegetation of the crops. So, the maximum level of grain productivity of plants in 2007 and 2014 on average according to the seeding rates was on the variants of the second sowing term (the 15 – 17-th of September) 5,57 and 4,89 t/ha correspondently. In 2008 and 2009 the maximum grain productivity of winter wheat on average according to the seeding rates was 5,35 and 4,07 t/ha correspondently, was gathered on the variants of sowing on the 5 – 7-th of September.

Grain productivity of soft winter wheat depending on the influence of the sowing terms and seeding rates.

Issue 1(88). 2016

The ante of different shoots systems in biological crop grain productivity of spring barley depending on seeding rates and foliar additional fertilizing.

UDC 631.559: 633.11: 631.5.

A. Rozhkov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

S. Chernobay, postgraduate student

Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchayev

The shoots share of different systems in biological crop productivity of spring barley seeds variety Monomakh depending upon the seeding rate and foliar fertilizing.
Complex assessment of separate elements of spring barley growing technology based on the analysis of the elements of the formation structure will improve crop production of this culture. In this regard, disclosure of the genetic potential of the crop productivity, the search for optimal seeding rates for them as well as the most effective ways of foliar fertilizing are urgent.
The purpose of the research was to determine complex influence of seeding rates and foliar fertilizing on the biological crop productivity of spring barley grain variety Monomakh and to identify the share of each system of shoots in its formation under the influence of the studied factors.
Field researches were conducted in the experimental field of the Plant Growing Chair of Kharkiv NAU named after V. V. Dokuchayev on the base of vapour grain row crop rotation during 2012-2014 according to the general accepted methods.
All the studied seeding rates provided a significant increase in grain crop productivity of plants main shoots system, while fluctuations of indices of crop productivity of lateral shoots system at the studied seeding rates was not significant.
Under the influence of seeding rate biological crop productivity of the main shoots varied in the range from 231.9 to 260.3 g / m2 (indices change swing – 12.2%), while the system of lateral shoots varied in the range from 47.0 to 49.8% (indices varied in the range of 6.0%).
Dominant role in the formation of the overall biological crop grain productivity belonged to the system of main plants shoots that is naturally explained by biologically conditioned feature of spring barley plants to form low overall and productive tillering. In the conducted experiments, the share of main shoots in the formation of the overall biological crop grain productivity on average at the studied factors in 2012, 2013 and 2014 was 82.7%, 82.8 and 84.7% appropriately.
Under the influence of seeding rates factor it was marked noticeable changes in the role of each shoots system in shaping of the overall biological crop grain productivity that were more pronounced in the more favorable weather conditions in 2012 and 2014. The tendency of increasing the role of the main shoots in the formation of the overall biological crop grain productivity on condition seeding rate increasing is the result of competition increase in crops which resulted in productive tillering and crop grain productivity of lateral shoots compared with shoots that belong to the system of main shoots decreases. The indices increase of the biological crop grain productivity under the influence of foliar fertilizing action was carried out by both shoots systems proportionally.
During the research it was determined the optimal seeding rate of spring barley – 5.0 million / ha which ensures the formation of the most biological crop grain productivity. Its influence is mostly through the main plants shoots. Seeding rates does not have any significant influence in terms of the biological crop productivity of lateral shoots system. There is a tendency to improve the indices by means of seeding rate optimizing. The complex of foliar fertilizing with Crystalon special and Reakom (dose – 1.5 kg / ha) with biopreparation agro EM promoted a significant increase in biological crop grain productivity due to both the system of main plant shoots and the system of lateral plant shoots.
Key words: seeding rate, foliar fertilizing, biopreparation, spring barley, biological crop grain productivity, complex chelated fertilizers.

A. Rozhkov, S. Chernobay. The ante of different shoots systems in biological crop grain productivity of spring barley depending on seeding rates and foliar additional fertilizing.

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А.О. Рожков, С.В. Чернобай. Частка пагонів різних систем у біологічній урожайності зерна ячменю ярого залежно від норм висіву та позакореневих підживлень.
У статті представлено результати досліджень, проведених впродовж 2012-2014 рр. на дослідному полі ХНАУ ім. В. В. Докучаєва стосовно впливу застосування різних варіантів норм висіву та позакореневих підживлень посівів комплексними добривами і біопрепаратами на варіабельність урожайності рослин ячменю ярого сорту Мономах.
У ході досліджень визначено оптимальну норму висіву – 5,0 млн/га, яка забезпечує одержання найвищої біологічної урожайності зерна. Встановлено високу ефективність позакореневих підживлень посівів комплексними добривами на хелатній основі разом із біопрепаратом агро ЕМ.

А. А. Рожков, С. В. Чернобай. Доля пагонов различных систем в биологической урожайности зерна ячменя ярового в зависимости от норм высева и внекорневых подкормок.
В статье представлены результаты исследований, проведенных в течении 2012-2014 гг. на опытном поле ХНАУ им. В. В. Докучаева, относительно влияния норм высева и внекорневых подкормок посевов комплексными удобрениями и биопрепаратами на изменчивость урожайности растений ячменя ярового сорта Мономах.
В результате исследований определена оптимальная норма высева – 5,0 млн/га, которая обеспечивает получение высокой биологической урожайности зерна. Установлена высокая эффективность внекорневых подкормок посевов комплексными удобрениями на хелатной основе одновременно с биопрепаратом агро ЭМ.

Масові показники міжвузлів префлоральної зони рослин тритикале ярого залежно від ценотичної напруги у посівах

Номер, рік
1(71), 2013

УДК
[633.112.9(321.)581.4]:631.531.04

Автор
А.О. Рожков, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук
В.К. Пузік, доктор сільськогосподарських наук
Харківський національний аграрний університет ім. В.В. Докучаєва

Анотація
Представлено результати досліджень впливу різних варіантів ценотичної напруги за рахунок добору норм висіву та способів сівби на основні характеристики стійкості пагонів до вилягання: суху масу сантиметрових відрізків міжвузлів, їх довжину. Визначено силу залежності досліджуваних показників від норми висіву за різних способів сівби.

Ключові слова
ценотична напруга, тритикале яре, міжвузля, префлоральна зона, норма висіву, способи сівби
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