Gutyansky R., Popov S., Kostromitin V., Kuzmenko N., Gluboky O. The influence of basic tillage and fertilizer on weediness of sunflower crops

UDC 633.854.78:631.5:632.51

 

Gutyansky R.

Popov S.

Kostromitin V.

Kuzmenko N.

Gluboky O.

 

In the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, according to the research of 2016– 18 in the  crops of sunflower after spring cereals as forecrops placed in the last place in a stationary, nine-course, steam-grain-row rotation field 42 species of weeds and contaminants were found. Setaria glauсa (L.) Beauv., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. et Schult., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Solanum nigrum L., Portulaca oleracea L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Convolvulus arvensis L. were the basic species of weeds in crops. Besides these weeds, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Love, Panicum miliaceum var. ruderale Kitag., Xanthium strumarium L., Cyclachaena xanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresen., Malva neglecta Wallr., Thlaspi arvense L., Vicia villosa Roth., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Avena fatua L., Stachys annua L., Polygonum aviculare L., Orobanche cumana Wallr., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Senecio vernalis Waldst. et Kit., Erigeron canadensis L., Sisymbrium Loeselii L., Viola arvensis Murr., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke, Conium maculatum L., Sonchus arvensis L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Cichorium intybus L., Lappa major Gaertn., Taraxacum officinale Web. et Wigg, Trifolium pratense L., Linaria vulgaris Mill., Rumex crispus L., Lactuca tatarica (L.) С. А. Мey. were basic species in the crops. Triticosecale Witt., Hordeum vulgare L. and Triticum L. were fall from the seeds of field crops.

The use of herbicides in sunflower crops has significantly affected on dominance and subdominance indices of certain weed species over the years of research. Thus, in 2016 and 2018, dicotyledonous perennial species were the largest according to the total mass of weeds, in 2017 annual cereals were.

In sunflower crops the most weeds and contaminants were found in the variants without fertilizers at plowing (control) and using intensive organic-mineral background at chiseling. Thus, in the variants with plowing in the control, organic background (application of manure 30 t / ha for corn and black steam field), organic background + N15P15K15 and organic background + N30P30K30, 29, 23, 21 and 23 species of weeds and contaminants were found respectively, and 27 species were found  by chiseling (organic background + N30P30K30 ). For the most part, the type of weediness of sunflower crops in the control variants differed from the type of weediness in the fertilized variants. In general the level of weediness of sunflower crops by plowing was from medium to strong and by chiseling was from strong to very strong.

Key words: sunflower, crop rotation, tillage, fertilizers, weeds, herbicides.

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