The impact of sowing density and time on the productivity of grain sorghum hybrids under conditions in the South of Ukraine

UDC 631.95:633.17:(477.7)

M. Boiko

Topicality of the issue. Grain sorghum is one of the most important food and forage crops. It is used under conditions of the South of Ukraine in main crops and for resowing perished winter and spring crops, and it has a considerable propagation coefficient. Thus a special significance is ascribed to the research on developing basic techniques of growing grain sorghum in the Southern region of Ukraine.
The purpose and goals of the research: to increase grain sorghum productivity under non-irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine by optimizing the nutrition area of the plants with different sowing times and identifying sorghum hybrids which are the most adapted for the conditions of the region.
Conditions and methodology of conducting the research. The experiments were carried out in 2013–2015 according to the generally accepted methodology, the experimental plot was 50 m2, the experiment was repeated four times.
The results of the research. The grain sorghum hybrids under investigation (Sontsedar, Praim, Burhho, Sprynt W, Dash-Е, Tarhho) are perspective for growing under arid conditions in the South of Ukraine. In 2013–2015 the maximum yield of 6.69–6,54 t/ha was supported by the hybrids Dash-E and Sontsedar with the early sowing time and the sowing density of 180 and 140 thousand per hectare. At the late sowing time the highest grain productivity of 3.96 t/ha was achieved by the hybrid Dash-E with the crop density of 180 thousand per hectare, and Sontsedar had the highest yields with the crop density of 100 thousand per hectare – 2,67 t/ha. The application of succinic acid for treating the crops in the phase of panicle development results in increasing grain sorghum yields at the level of 12–15% and accelerates grain maturity by 7–8 days.
Conclusions. The research shows that sowing times and crop stand density influence the productivity of grain sorghum hybrids in a different way. In all the cases grain sorghum of the early sowing time has stably high yields as compared with that of the late sowing time.
The application of succinic acid for treating the crops in the phase of panicle development results in increasing grain sorghum yields at the level of 12-15% and accelerates grain maturity by 7–8 days.

Key words: grain sorghum, yielding capacity, hybrid, sowing time, sowing density, succinic acid.

The impact of sowing density and time on the productivity of grain sorghum hybrids under conditions in the South of Ukraine

Issue 3(91), 2016

Productivity of soybean crops under separate and integrated applications of microbiological agent, plant growth regulator and herbicide

UDC 633.34:661.163.6

I. Ivasiuk 

One of the most profitable crops in agricultural production in Ukraine as well as in the world is soybean. Its area under crops grows every year. However, the important condition for increasing of soybean gross harvest is increasing its crop capacity and improving of grain quality, including protein and oil content in it.
The aim of our research was to determine the impact of the complex of agents of chemical and biological nature to productivity of soybean crops and to define the quality of received yield. Experiments on the study of the effect of “Fabian” herbicide, “Regoplant” plant growth regulator and “Ryzobofit” microbiological agent in soybean crops of “Romantyka” variety on the formation of their productivity were done during 2013-2015 in field and laboratory conditions of Uman National University of Horticulture.
The article shows the results of researches on study of productivity and qualitative indices of received soybean yield under the effect of different norms of “Fabian” herbicide (90, 100 and 110 g/ha), ways of applying “Regoplant” plant growth regulator (250 ml/t – seeds treatment before sowing, 50 ml/ha – use while growing) and “Ryzobofit” microbiological agent (100 ml/t – seeds treatment before sowing). It was found that the level of soybean crop capacity increases compared with a control option under different norms and ways of applying of studied agents. The highest level of received yield was formed in the variant under the use of “Fabian” herbicide (90-110 g/ha) while seeds treatment before sowing with “Ryzobofit” (100 ml/t) and “Regoplant” (250 ml/t), where excess to control 1 was 56-53% and the effect of the same norms of “Fabian” applied by the variant of “Ryzobofit” 100ml/t + “Regoplant” 250ml/t in tank mixtures with “Regoplan” was 73-66%.
It was determined that protein and oil content increases significantly in comparison with a control variant in the variants with “Fabian” applying in the researches on the content of mass portion of protein and oil. Protein content in soybean seeds in the variants with “Fabian” 90, 100 and 110 g/ha increased to 0.8, 0.5 and 0.6% in comparison with a control variant I while in the corresponding variants of the research with a combine use with plant growth regulator to 1.1, 0.9 and 0.9% to dry substance. Received data give the grounds to affirm that the formation of a higher protein and oil content in the variants with use of research agents is the result of forming more favorable environment for physiological-and-biochemical processes in soybean and microbiological processes in soil.
Thus, integrated applying of “Fabian” herbicide (90 g/ha) in soybean crops in a mixture of “Regoplant” plant growth regulator (50 ml/ha) while seeds treatment before sowing with “Ryzobofit” (100 ml/t) and “Regoplant” (250 ml/t of seeds) promotes the highest crop capacity (2.2 t/ha) together with a simultaneous increase of grain qualitative indices (to 1.7% of protein and 1.8% of oil content). This is proof of activation of some biological processes in plants and soil that underlie in the formation of crops productivity.

Key words: soybean, herbicide, plant growth regulator, microbiological agent, crop capacity, protein content, oil content.

Productivity of soybean crops under separate and integrated applications of microbiological agent, plant growth regulator and herbicide

Issue 3(91), 2016

Photosynthetic potential and intensity of flower formation in seed chicory

UDC 633.78:631.547

V. Mykolayko 

Applying of agricultural measures complex as planting schemes, fertilizers and irrigation that provided a significant increase in the intensity of photosynthesis and flower formation of Common Chicory was substantiated in the article. The experiment proved that the leaf surface area of Common Chicory depended on both the area of seed growers nutrition (planting schemes of root crops), use of mineral fertilizers and on the conditions of drip irrigation. The highest leaf surface area (6675 and 6930 cm2) was obtained by using nitrogen and potassium mineral fertilizers with the norm of N45K70 kg/ha of active ingredients, the lowest (6620 and 6802 cm2) by applying only potash fertilizers. Leaf surface area was much bigger in both planting schemes of root crops using drip irrigation compared with control variant without irrigation. It was found that photosynthetic potential in control variant without irrigation by planting scheme of 60х45 cm was 2,04-2,15 mln m2 * days/ha, so the crops are characterized as average. Photosynthetic capacity was more than 3.0 mln m2 * days/ha in other variants, so the crops are considered as good. There was a tendency of photosynthetic capacity increase depending on the use of mineral fertilizers as in the conditions of drip irrigation and without it. It is determined that intensity of flower formation was significantly higher under drip irrigation than in control variant without irrigation. Mineral fertilizers influenced substantially on intensity of flower formation. Regardless of the form and norms of fertilizers, intensity of flower formation was significantly higher than without fertilizers as under irrigation and without its use. Flowers formed in 1,03-1,1 times more while applying nitrogen and potash fertilizers in the norm of N45K70 kg/ha of active ingredients without watering and in 1,7-2,0 times more under drip irrigation than without fertilizers use. Consequently, use of agricultural measures complex provided high root crops survival, optimum density of plants which is close to the plan, formation of more shoots where seeds appear and more amount of flowers on them, increasing of leaf surface area and therefore increasing of photosynthetic capacity of crops and as a result seed productivity enlarging of seed growers of Common Chicory.

Key words: Common Chicory, planting scheme, fertilizers, irrigation, survival, leaf surface area, photosynthetic capacity, flower formation.

Photosynthetic potential and intensity of flower formation in seed chicory

Issue 3(91), 2016

Formation of productivity of spring wheat under the influence of modern growth regulating substances in the South of Ukraine

UDC 633.11:631.811.98 (477.7)

V. Dvoretskyi, T. Hlushko

In this article are shown the results of researches on the subject of efficiency in sowing treatment of spring wheat and triticale by modern growth regulating substances in the conditions of the Ukrainian south steppe on the south black soil. It has been experimentally proved that before planting application of these substances in a low dose of mineral nutritions – N30Р30 practically provides the productivity of grain at the same level as well as using of the nitrogen nutrition in doses N30. This information confirms that modern growth regulating substances are able to optimize the power of spring crops and it is advisable to use them as an element of energy-saving technologies of grain-crops growing in the steppe of Ukraine. It was established that formation of the grain-growing productivity of spring crops significantly grows in the condition of providing moisture to the plants due to rainfalls in a vegetation period.
It was established that spring wheat and triticale, significantly increase the grain-growing productivity by applying mineral nutrition. So, using N30Р30+ N30 on the stage of appearing a tube in spring wheat average for two years are formed 3,07 t / ha, while without fertilizer 1,57 t / ha and triticale is 3,47 and 2,07 t / ha. Proper treatment of investigated crops is provided by modern growth regulating substances escort and D2. Researches have established a high efficiency of their application in early exit tube plants, and double treatment of crops by substances provides the same level of grain yield, as their nutrition by nitrogen at a dose N30.
It is determined that in a southern steppe of Ukraine the level of productivity of agricultural crops, including spring crops, which are largely determined by the amount of rainfall during the growing season. By optimizing conditions of plants nutrition their productivity significantly increases regardless of weather and climate conditions.

Key words: spring wheat, yield, grain quality, plant nutrition, growth regulating growth regulating preparations, treatment of seeds, fertilizers payback.

Formation of productivity of spring wheat under the influence of modern growth regulating substances in the South of Ukraine

Issue 3(91), 2016

Foliage is an important indicator of quality for alfalfa sorts

UDC 633.311:631.524.7

L.  Antipova

Formulation of the problem. For increasing the gross yield of forage per unit of the sertain area it is important to accelerate the introduction for the industry of high-yielding varieties of alfalfa. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of high-yielding varieties of alfalfa, in particular, the number of leaves to increase plant productivity in the arid zone. This study is relevant.
The results of research. It was found that the most valuable part of the fodder alfalfa at the beginning of budding are leaves. Leaves contain 2 times more fat, 1,5 times – the protein, ash, calcium and nitrogen; 1,2 times more – phosphorus than in the stems and cellular tissue – 2,3 times less.
There are more than 23,1% fodder units of dry substances in 1 kg of leaves and 45,8% more is digestible protein than in stems. This indicates that leaves of alfalfa have essential significance in the structure of fodder.
During the second year of life alfalfa has reached the stage budding content of leaves ranged from 43,9 (Hope grade) to 47,3% (Svitoch grade) with 44,3% of control values (Sinskaya grade – standard).
Average for all varieties of alfalfa availability presence foliage during the second year has reached the level of 45,6 ± 0,9%. In the third year leaf content in the aboveground biomass has decreased to 41,4 ± 1,5%.
Average for the second and third years of life, foliage ranged from 42,2% in grade Poltavchanka to 44,6% (from grades Vinnichanka and Darkie) – 45,0% grade Eve, when the reference value is 43,6%.
Solutions. Varieties of Eve is 45,0%, Vinnichanka and Smooglianka (by 44,6%), Svitoch (43,7%) give the highest foliage, on average, for the second and third years of the life of alfalfa in non-irrigated conditions of South Steppe. When in the control group there is Sinskaya grade (standard) at the level of the average data for all grades (43,6%).

Key words: alfalfa, grade, foliage, feed units, digestible protein, fodded specific unit.

Foliage is an important indicator of quality for alfalfa sorts

Issue 3(91), 2016

Shaping to productivities and quality varieties millet depending on sowing dates and background of fertilizer in condition of South of Ukraine.

UDC 633.171:631.51

V. Gamajunova,
V. Shevel

On the NPA lands “Zemlerobetc” Zhovtnevy district Nikolaevskaya region a research work was conducted to determine the peculiarities of the yield shaping and quality of millet grain which depend on elements of growing technologies in the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine.
Relief of the field is flat. Topsoil of the experimental plot is represented by the southern black soil. The climate is continental, which is characterized by speedy and frequent fluctuations of annual and monthly air temperatures, large amounts of heat and aridity. The area of sowing plot is 75 м2, the registration area is 50 м2, repeated four times. Agrotechnics in the experiment was generally accepted for the southern Steppe of Ukraine. Predecessor was wheat winter.
Three-factor field research is conducted by the following scheme: factor A are varieties: Konstantynivskoe, Vostochnoe, Tavriyskoe; factor B is a sowing period: early one is the third decade of April – the first decade of May, after sustained warming of the soil to a depth of 10 cm to 10-12° C; middle (or recommended) period – the I – II decades of May, after sustained warming of the soil to a depth of 10 cm to 12-14° C; late period – II-III decades of May, after sustained warming of the soil to a depth of 10 cm to 14-16° C; factor C is nourishment status: no fertilizer (control), N40P30, estimated dose of fertilizer for a yield is 4 t/ha.
It is noted that the biggest amount of millet harvest was formed in 2010. The variety of millet Tavriyskoe turned out to be the most flexible and stable in cultivation and in the ability to form high yields which is 3.6 t/hа that is for 0.59-0.95 t/hа or 20-36% more in comparison to varieties Konstantinovskoe and Vostochnoe (on average for 2008-2010).
At the first term during the sowing period the variety Tavriyskoe gave the maximum harvest yield (4.59 t/hа) on the calculated dose of mineral fertilizers. In the III decade of April – I decade of May sowing millet, on the calculated dose of mineral fertilizers, allow obtaining maximum protein (0.525-0.795 t/hа), high protein content in a grain, low husk content, maximum grain-unite scale and output grain. The largest amount of protein was collected during growing the variety Tavriyskoe – 0.471 t/hа (on average sowing period and fertilizer backgrounds).

Key words: millet, fertilizers, sowing date, variety, yield, quality.

Shaping to productivities and quality varieties millet depending on sowing dates and background of fertilizer in condition of South of Ukraine.

Issue 3(91), 2016

State and regional measurement of agrarian production’s efficiency in Ukraine

UDC 65.011.44:338.43(477)

V. Rybachuk

Agrarian production’s efficiency in Ukraine in federal and regional measurement has its features, their researches and scientific estimation has always been actual. Transforming and present-day unstable state of the field, riskiness, conjuncture-market instability makes this problem more actual. In order to solve the problem of agrarian production’s efficiency, science develops set of approaches to its evaluation, making it possible to get the result, which is actual for peculiar period of development. Regional and federal evaluative dimension is the background for the presentation of versatile dynamics of the field’s functioning.
Agrarian production in Ukraine and its regions is extremely dynamic. Regional distribution is pretty nominal because of blurred faces and features in the process of productive forces and production relation active exchange, though it takes place. Federal and regional aspects of efficiency development may be observed in natural and territorial peculiarities principles of scientific and technical developments dissemination.In agrarian sector of economics in Ukraine and its regions the resources are used able to provide high productivity and competitiveness even without enough organizational and technological modernization. The field’s model could still be considered as resource, despite of continuous period of adaptation to competitive market. This suggestion comes from the evaluation of employment, soil resources (cultivated areas), added value volumes and their formation sources through the means of resources.In the context of given dynamics of efficiency quality aspects it’s very difficult to speak about innovations, as the investment potential of the field has decreased. The effects of agrarian productivity development to form the basis for scientific evaluation are somewhat misleading, especially in model analyses of productivity tightly connected with efficiency and competitiveness. By means of researches of efficiency we estimated that destructive system in innovative provision mechanism gives us grounds to affirm innovative model in Ukraine hasn’t been formed yet and institutional framework of its organizational design hasn’t been estimated. The type of innovation development model represented nowadays is considered to be not adapted to competitive market economics model, so it is still commodity with separate progressive features. The reason is that our science and innovation’s production-implementation system took place in uncertainty in organization-managerial field firstly, as the system was soviet so the economics was inefficient and uncompetitive.Agrarian production in Ukraine and its regions like Mykolayiv Region in the aspect of efficiency and productivity production accumulates a lot of problems. Their regional division now is pretty nominal as the world is globalized, that’s why the economics of a state, a field or a region is built-in the market objectively. However, the peculiarities take place in the researched object (agrarian production), conditioned by natural, territorial factors rural mentality, especially in the aspect of innovative development and innovations’ diffusion. The mentioned measurement is formed by government-regulated and national-specified factors. They differentiate general effects, herewith determining contours of efficiency and productivity. The last ones are considered to be consequences of some level of innovation in agrarian production, formed in the circumstances estimated by the government and market.

Key words: efficiency, agrarian production, productivity, development, gross production.

State and regional measurement of agrarian production’s efficiency in Ukraine

Prospects for the development of viticulture and winemaking in Mykolaiv Region of Ukraine

UDC 634.8:631.1

I. Belous

The article is devoted to developing the mechanism of stabilization and further development of Mykolayiv region viticulture and winemaking on the basis of modern innovative techniques for the purpose of saturating domestic food market competitive products and increasing its export potential.
But a number of problems related to the reform of viticulture and winemaking, determining the strategy of their further integration development into the world market, required a more detailed study. In particular, the problems of development and improvement of the viticulture production in the market (especially high-quality of table grapes), an innovative reorganization of domestic viticulture, rational science-based placement of vineyards, formation and reconstruction of grape assortment and wine production in order to meet national and international market needs, scientific support and proceeding the scientific innovations in viticulture production. The integrative model of relations between wine producers and grape growers, processing enterprises and other organizations that contribute promoting and marketing, remains not developed proper. Also it is not sufficiently worked out the marketing strategies of further development for viticulture and winemaking.
Further development of the industry requires qualitative transformations which would ensure increasing competitiveness of viticulture-wine production. Therefore, it is important to determine the strategic directions of viticulture development, according to which Ukraine will pursue a policy of regarding legal, financial, economic, environmental and social regulations through the introduction of innovative model of viticulture and winemaking.
According to the project of the Program about the viticulture development in Mykolayiv region can be achieved through innovative upgrades. The article shows the main parameters of viticulture in Mykolayiv region enterprises up to 2025 and projections of economic activity in the viticulture of Mykolayiv region.

Key words: viticulture, winemaking, development, performance, efficiency, innovation, market.

Prospects for the development of viticulture and winemaking in Mykolaiv Region of Ukraine

Business social responsibility in Ukraine

UDC 338.43:005.35

N. Sirenko, A. Burkovska, T. Lunkinа
Mykolayiv National Agrarian University

In modern conditions the economic development of Ukraine is faced with an actual problem of business social responsibility. The concept of social responsibility though is raised in the business environment, but still has a chaotic, fragmentary and selective character. The development of the corporate social responsibility is still, unfortunately, very slow.
The concept of social responsibility consists of businesses additional commitments which the enterprises voluntarily take producing goods and services of high quality.  [3, p 216-217]. We believe that the social responsibility of business involves meeting the economic, legal, environmental and social needs. Note that the higher the level of society’s development, the more demanding the evaluation of the business social responsibility criteria is.
We believe that the strategic goal of socially responsible businesses should be primarily social investment programs for their own employees. It should provide educational programs and retraining, and the stability of wages, safety, organization of additional medical and social security workers, assistance in some critical situations.
A special feature of the social responsibility of domestic enterprises is a range of stakeholders (owners and employees of these companies) and other members of the business environment enterprises (customers, suppliers, non-profit organizations, local governments) which are not actually the subject to its social interests.
Thus, the social responsibility of business in Ukraine has not received proper distribution and has a number of peculiarities. There is a strong necessity in motivation in the field of business socially responsibility.  It is advisable to develop cooperation of businesses with the important area of social work as a professional education. This will increase the efficiency of educational services, and business revitalization process of socialization will provide a number of benefits for our country in the social, environmental and economic spheres.

Key words: social responsibility, socialization of business stakeholders, partnerships, businesses, vocational education.

Business social responsibility in Ukraine

Issue №3 (91), 2016

Adaptative approach guarantee in the state environmental safety

UDC 338.43(477):339.9

O. Vyshnevska, Doctor of Economics, Professor
N. Bobrovska, Candidate of Economics
Mykolayiv National Agrarian Universityа

The ground of global ecological problems is conducted, warning possibilities, neutralizations of ecological risks, are educed taking into account introduction of global ecological agreement. Effectiveness of adaptation approach is reasonable in guaranteeing of ecological safety of the state taking into account influence of global changes and tendencies.
It was proved that the current level of cooperation requires an adequate strategy of the international community in order to minimize environmental risks and to limit the negative impact on the ecosystem. Some important aspects of further development is the interest of the business environment in the implementation of environmental protection measures, imposing liability for environmental violations in need of strengthening control functions and increase social responsibility and environmental awareness.
The component trends of approximation strategic priorities had been identified in order to adapt to international and European legislation. It was proved that in order to preserve the environment and form ecological security of the state it is important to cooperate with international organizations in the spheres of the legislation. Approximation of Ukraine to the environmental norms of EU countries will jointly address pressing issues and provide opportunities of preserving the environment for future generations, which is a requirement of time.
Directions, constituents and terms of introduction of adaptation approach, are conditioned in guaranteeing of ecological safety of the state taking into account a depth and scales of ecological problems.

Key words: ecological safety, globalization, ecological problems of humanity, adaptation approach.

Adaptative approach guarantee in the state environmental safety.

Issue №3 (91), 2016