A. Kryvenko. Efficiency of siderial cultures organic mass accumulation in dependence on soil treatment in south steppe of Ukraine.

UDC 631.147:631.874:631.51(477.7)

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-11

A. Kryvenko

On results experimental researches efficiency of piling up of organic mass of different is certain after the biological features of sideration cultures in shot term crop rotations depending on till of soil in the droughty terms of South Steppe of Ukraine. In particular, vetch winter-annual, mixture peas with mustard white and peas in the clean sowing. It is found out, that the feature of growing of vetch winter-annual and peas was that they belong to the leguminous cultures able to fix nitrogen from air. Grow peas both in the independent sowing and in mixtures with other cultures. In particular with mustard white, that is one of the most widespread cultures for growing on a green fertilizer. Mustard white carries out transformation of difficult of access phosphoric connections of soil in soluble phosphates and abandons their part untapped.

It is set that at growing of vetch winter-annual on a green fertilizer, the most productivity of organic mass is formed, the greatest maintenance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and protein is marked. It is found out, that surplus over of nitrogen after a vetch winter-annual can bring to outgrowing of vegetative mass of wheat winter-annual, id est to increase her bushing out. In the conditions of drought through the increase of bushing out a wheat winter-annual can be provided not enough by moisture that results in diminishing to her productivity. Certainly, that in the droughty terms of South Steppe of Ukraine peas in the clean sowing on a green fertilizer to use beside the purpose. For the effective growing of sideration cultures it is needed to inculcate without shelves deep till and system of without shelves of shallow till of soil. The structure of soil got better due to application of the system of without shelves of shallow till, vegetable bits and pieces on the surface of soil protected him from water and wind erosion, the best water-supply came true from the deeper layers of soil, decline of airing of soil prevented disintegration of humus, diminishing of depth to till of soil kept rain-worms, favourable terms were created for the ground microorganisms, as a result of less mineralization of organic substance the level of carbon dioxide went down in soil.

Key words: organic mass, productivity, predecessors, sideration cultures, wheat winter-annual, treatment of soil.

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A. Poltorak. System taxonomy of financial security

UDC 336.1-049.5(477):339.9

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-4

A. Poltorak

Modern economic realities of Ukraine convincingly prove that each year the influence of external and internal threats on the level of financial security is intensified. The mechanism of its provision is characterized by weakness and inefficiency, which entails the need to increase the overall level of protection of the financial system of the state. Beginning with the world financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009, the economic life of most countries of the world has undergone dramatic changes: the stock market is characterized by a prolonged fall, and commercial banks – with liquidity problems.

The main objectives of this study are to analyze the structure of financial security in Ukraine, the legal basis of state policy in the areas of financial security of Ukraine, and to improve the theoretical approach to the interpretation of the category “financial security of the country”.

In the process of analyzing the essence, categorical structure and structure of financial security, the nature of economic knowledge in the security sphere, the following conclusions were made:

  1. The theoretical approach to the interpretation of the category “financial security of the country”, considered as conditions of functioning of the financial system of the country, is quantitatively evaluated by means of generalization of indicators of the state of monetary, currency, banking, budget, tax, debt security and safety of the non-banking financial sector. , in which the action of internal and external threats does not lead to negative processes in this complex system and does not interfere with the creation of favorable financial conditions for its sustainable development.
  2. Having analyzed the genesis of the legal and regulatory framework for financial security, it was concluded that under the conditions for development of science it is necessary to use the synthesis of definitions of “financial security of the state”, a systematic approach to understanding the essence of such a highly structured phenomenon as security in its various manifestations: financial, economic , national, transferring to the legal plane creative scientific potential in order to form a balanced system legal basis, which will enable to form effective m reaction mechanisms to ensure financial security.

Keywords: security, national security, economic security, financial security, financial system, complex system.

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D. Babenko, O. Gorbenko, N. Dotsenko, N. Kim. Theoretical aspects of oil separation process by pressing.

UDC 631.363:633.8

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-16

D. Babenko, O. Gorbenko, N. Dotsenko, N. Kim.

In the article it is presented the analysis of constructive solutions of screw presses that are used for different types of oilseeds. An analysis of the characteristics and using of press equipment in different countries of the world has shown that the principles of action and workflow are the same. Application of oily presses in the conditions of farms with small volumes of oilseeds processing indicates a number of shortcomings, which include the low production of oil in one pass, increased time that spent on cleaning the press from clogging, which contributes to a significant decrease in productivity of the machine and the need for manual pushing pulp from bunker in the receiving and preparing chamber during repeated compression. There are indicated the theoretical aspects of the pressing process, the main technological parameters that influence on the intensity of the separation of oil from the pulp, which include: the speed of the screw shaft, the degree of seizing of the pulp by the first turn, the physical and mechanical properties of the pulp and the degree of wear of the surface of the screw turns. Investigation of these parameters and including into the industrial production of press equipment the results of research will eliminate the problem points according to the application in the technological process of oil production.

Key words: oilseeds, screw shaft, parameters of work, pulp, oil screw press.

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M.Kundenko, O.Egorova, Shinkarenko, I.Boroday, A.Kundenko. Measurement of dielectric permeability of biological substances

UDC 614.89:537.8682730

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-15

M.Kundenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
O.Egorova, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
I. Shinkarenko, Senior Lecturer
I.Boroday, Assistant
A.Kundenko, Assistant
Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture

Goal. Analyzing the open resonance system for changes in dielectric constant of liquid medium with mìkroob’êktami animals and determine its options with regard to geometric and electrical parameters of mìkroob’êktìv.
Methodology. While researching the State of biological objects that are under the influence of various physical factors of great importance is the selection method for the monitoring of biological objects at the moment. Thus, for measuring parameters of biological objects, you can use the following methods: light, thermal, electrical, physical and chemical. Numerous methods of measurement of parameters of biological objects noteworthy dìelkometričnì methods. The method of visokočutlivoï system dìelkometrìï in the technological process of krìokonservacìï animal mìkroob’êktìv possible on the basis of frequency auto-generator frequency to frequency resonator measuring visokodobrotnogo of mìkroob’êktami animals. To stabilize the frequency of the generator it is advisable to use dìelektričnij resonator with fluctuating ‘šepočuûčoï Gallery’..
Results. Done checking the reliability of the theoretical approaches and models that describe the process of influence nizkoìntensivnih acoustic oscillations in mìkroob’êkti animals in the technological process of their krìokonservacìï. As a result of experimental research is selected, that is to decrease the distance between the mirrors resonator, diffracted loss decreases and grows, reaching a value of < 0.4 at 0.96 , amounted to a value of-0.033 mm.
Originality. For the first time advanced theoretical studies on determination of parameters of an open resonance system for measuring dielectric constant krìokonservuûčogo environment with mìkroob’êktami animals that differ from the existing fact that take into account geometric and electrical options mìkroob’êktìv livestock and acquired a further development of the theory of analysis of frequency characteristics of lejkosapfìrovogo resonator in diode energy generators mm range, which is different from the fact that it accounted for the parameters investigated options and a number of diodes generator: frequency stabilization coefficient, band adjustment frequency.
Practical value. Determination of optimal parameters of acoustic oscillations for the influence on mìkroob’êkti of animals before their krìokonservacìêû need to change the SE krìokonservuûčogo environment rezonatornim method using the developed installation based on the Open cavities, formed by spherical and flat mirrors, with options: Aperture mirror 60 mm; the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror 110 mm; the ratio L/R 0.579; the distance from the axis of the mirrors to communication gaps 9.4 mm; resonance frequency 74.278 GHz; overloaded with q Q resonators 4120.
Links – 9, pictures – 3.

Key words: dielectric permeability, resonator, fluctuations, frequency, excitement, wave guide, measurements.

References:

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  4. Kundenko N. P. Akustycheskaia tekhnolohyia v tekhnolohycheskom protsesse vosproyzvodstva zhyvotnыkh / N. P. Kundenko, A. D. Cherenkov // Visnyk TDATU. – 2012. – Vyp. 2. – Tom 1. – S. 232-240.
  5. Kundenko N. P. Zastosuvannia akustychnykh poliv v silskomu hospodarstvi / N. P. Kundenko // Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu silskoho hospodarstva imeni Petra Vasylenka. – 2010. – Vyp. 102. – S. 123-124.
  6. Kundenko N. P. Yssledovanyia kryokonservatsyy mykroobъektov krupnoho rohatoho skota / N. P. Kundenko // Visnyk natsionalnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu “KhPI”. – 2011. – Vyp. 34/2012. – S. 156-160.
  7. Kundenko N. P. Analyz systemы kontrolia za obrabotkoi mykroobъektov zhyvotnыkh akustycheskymy kolebanyiam / N. P. Kundenko // Эnerhosberezhenye. Эnerhetyka. Эnerhoaudyt. – 2012. – №08/102. – S. 64-68.
  8. Kundenko N. P. Yssledovanye otkrыtoi rezonansnoi systemы s otrezkom kruhloho volnovoda / N. P. Kundenko, A. D. Cherenkov // Vostochno-Evropeiskyi zhurnal peredovыkh tekhnolohyi. – 2012. – № 3/5 (57). – S. 11-13.
  9. Kundenko N. P. Yssledovanyia kryokonservatsyy mykroobъektov krupnoho rohatoho skota / N. P. Kundenko // Visnyk natsionalnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu “KhPI”. – 2011. – Vyp. 34/2012. – S. 156-160.

E. V. Zinchenko. Biological model of egg-plants suitable for processing.

UDC 635 : 581.19 : 664.8 : 635.646

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-14

V. Zinchenko. 

Annotations. It is develop a biological model of raw materials suitable for treatment (by the example eggplant) and recommendations on the use of new varieties eggplant for the production fermented products. It is simplify the methodology for chemical-technological varietal testing of vegetable raw materials for the processing industry. . In the case variety testing, single sampling technique should be used to provide reliable data and possibility of comparing them, and then it is study of varieties or hybrids in different natural and climatic conditions. All jobs on chemical and technological variety testing should be carried out according to a single method for comparative results and correct conclusions: technological analysis of raw materials, chemical analysis of raw materials, experimental canning, technological and chemical analysis of finished products, organoleptic evaluation of test canned vegetables (pickles). For each variety, data are taken from chemical and technical analyzes experimental preservation and results of organoleptic evaluation of finished products. According to available data, it is make conclusions and suggestions for each variety or hybrid of the suitability for preservation (pickles) or it is need for further testing with other types canning. Research on the selection and chemical-technological evaluation of newly created varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops are makes possibility to prevent the clogging of raw materials from varieties and hybrids with poor technological properties and low nutritional value. It is also allow having an appropriate assortment of raw materials with different periods of maturation, which will provide reduction peak loads in the processing industry. Knowledge of the technological requirements which are presented to vegetable raw materials for the processing industry, It will allow scientists to purposefully create varieties and hybrids, and cannery fabrics will to purchase raw materials most suitable for the production of this or that type of canned food. Data of these studies contribute to improving the quality of finished products and reduce raw material losses. The biological model of raw materials suitable for processing (egg eggplant) has been created, method for chemically-technological varietal testing of vegetable raw materials for the processing industry (for example, eggplant fruit)  has been simplified, recommendations have been developed regarding the use of new eggplant varieties for the production of fermented products. With the conducted research, it was simplify the selection of varieties vegetable crops of selection of the Institute of Vegetable and Melons of the National Academy of Sciences Ukraine, cultivating in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it is suitable for processing with a high social and economic effect.

Key words: eggplant fruits, raw material, processing, biological model, chemical and technological evaluation

References:

  1. Zaxarchuk, O. V. (2010). Formuvannya ta rozvy`tok ry`nku sortiv rosly`n [Formation and development of the market for plant varieties] (Economics and management of the national economy). Kyiv, Ukraine. [in Ukrainian]
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  5. Tehnologicheskie trebovanija k sortam ovoshhnyh kul’tur, prednaznachennyh dlja konservirovanija (rekomendacii) [Technological requirements for varieties of vegetable crops intended for canning (recommendations)]. (1986). Moskva : Agropromizdat. [in Russian]
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  7. Milipovich, P. (Ed.). (1981). Influence of variety and methods of cultivation on the yield and quality of sweet pepper Meterialy 2-go mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma po kachestvu ovoshhej aterials of the 2nd International Symposium on Quality of Vegetables [Materials of the 2nd International Symposium on Quality of Vegetables] (75-77). 1981, Jugoslavija, Tiraspol’. [in Russian]
  8. Gorodilova, N. N., Stepanjashina, T. T. (1982). Technological evaluation of zoned and promising varieties of white cabbage BSSR. Povyshenie urozhajnosti uluchshenie kachestva ovoshhej v Belorussii. [Increase in productivity improving the quality of vegetables in Belarus] (82-91). 1982, Minsk. Belarus. [in Russian]
  9. Tehnologicheskie kachestva i himicheskij sostav raspostranennyh v Bolgarii sortov ovoshhnyh kul’tur, kak syr’ja dlja konservnoj promyshlennosti. Voprosy produktivnosti syr’ja i kachestva ovoshhnyh kul’tur [Technological qualities and chemical composition of varieties of vegetable cultures distributed in Bulgaria, as raw materials for the canning industry. Questions of the productivity of raw materials and the quality of vegetable crops]. (1967). Sofija : Bolgarija. [in Russian]
  10. Mamonov, L.K. (1979). About a preliminary physiological model of a grade of a winter wheat for Northern Kazakhstan. Povyshenie produktivnosti i ustojchivosti zernovyh kul’tur [Increase the productivity and sustainability of cereals], (26-33) Kazahstan. Alma-Ata : Nauka. [in Russian]
  11. Boroevich, S. S. (1984). Principy i metody selekcii rastenij [Principles and methods of plant breeding]. Moskva : Kolos. [in Russian]
  12. Andryushhenko, A. V., Kry`vy`cz`ky`j, K. M. (2005). Test varieties in Ukraine: past and present. Sortovy`vchennya ta oxorona prav na sorty` rosly`n [Variety study and protection of rights to plant varieties] 2, 156-168. [in Ukrainian]
  13. Megerdichev, E. Ja. (2003). Tehnologicheskie trebovanija k sortam ovoshhnyh i plodovyh kul’tur, prednaznachennym dlja razlichnyh vidov konservirovanija [Technological requirements for vegetable and fruit crops intended for various types of canning]. Moscow: Rosselkhozakademiya. [in Russian]
  14. Orlov, N. P. (1989). Proizvodstvo, hranenie i realizacija soleno-kvashenyh ovoshhej i plodov [Production, storage and sale of salted-pickled vegetables and fruits]. Kiev: The harvest. [in Russian]
  15. Domoretskyi, V. A. (Ed.). Zagal`ni texnologiyi xarchovy`x vy`robny`cztv [General technologies of food production]. Kyiv: University “Ukraine”. [in Ukrainian]
  16. Baklazhany` svizhi. Texnichni umovy` : DSTU 2660-94 [Eggplants fresh. Specifications: State Standart 2660-94]. (1994). Kyiv: Gosstandart of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian]
  17. Ovochi soloni. Zahalʹni tekhnichni umovy GOSU 15.3-16304966-01-2002 [Food canned food. Ovochi soloni : State Standard 15.3-16304966-01-2002]. (2002). Kyiv: Gosstandart of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian]
  18. Konservy. Ovochi marynovani. Tekhnichni umovy DSTU 8092:2015 [Food canned food. Konservy. Ovochi marynovani : State Standard 8092:2015]. (2015). Kyiv: Gosstandart of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian]
  19. Produkty pishhevye konservirovannye. Metody opredelenija organolepticheskih pokazatelej, massy netto ili obema i massovoj doli sostavnyh chastej : GOST 8756-79 [Food canned food. Methods for determining organoleptic parameters, net or volume weight and mass fraction of constituents: State Standard 8756-79]. (1986). Moscow: Standards Publishing House. [in Russian]

V. Sakhnenko, D. Sakhnenko. Formation and forecast of the dynamics of populations of eurygaster integriceps on winter wheat under new farming systems.

UDC 635 : 581.19 : 664.8 : 635.646

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-13

V. Sakhnenko
D. Sakhnenko

The article generalizes the features of the formation of agrocenoses with the introduction of new mathematical models in relation to the hydrothermal coefficient. It is important to simulate the quantitative indicators of reproduction of the main pests on grain crops and to analyze both the structure and mechanisms of the formation of modern entomocomplexes of field crops. These indicators are the basis for the development of the latest methodologies of long-term, annual and seasonal poggnoz for the systems of crops from the pest complex. In modern crop rotation of field crops, the yield of agricultural crops is determined by anthropogenic and natural factors, namely, soil tillage, fertilizer and plant protection systems, and weather and climate conditions.
The production of quality grain of winter wheat and other crops with an assessment of the mechanisms of insect self-regulation and an increase in the number of predatory ground beetles and other useful species is the basis for optimizing the use of special protective measures. Based on the introduction of biological measures to protect cultivated plants from a pest complex, in particular the production of trichogram and other biological preparations.
When developing measures to protect winter wheat, consideration should be given to the selection of resistant varieties to phytophages with the following applications of correct crop rotations of preservatives and trace elements, as well as prediction models for pest reproduction.
As a result, the intensity of distribution of individual insect species, reproduction and survival of individual stages of their development allows to determine the expected phase of the outbreak and the potential threat to crops of cereals in cells of different types. The development of such a forecast on the materials of land surveys and the compilation of resource-saving new protective measures is important, both in regional and prospective varieties of wheat.

Key words: winter wheat, eurygaster integriceps, agrobiocenoses, entomocomplex, farming systems, measures for the protection of cereals.

References:

  1. Fitosanitarnyj monitoryngh / Dolja M.M., Pokozij J.T. ta in. – K. : NNCIAE, 2004. – 249s.
  2. Monitoryngh shkidnykiv siljsjkoghospodarsjkykh kuljtur / Pokozij J.T., Pysarenko V.M., Dovghanj S.V. ta in. – K. : Aghrarna osvita, 2010. – 223s.
  3. Mukhanova V.S. Aghrozakhody – proty shkidnykiv / V.S.Mukhanova // Karantyn i zakhyst. – K., 2007. – #8. – S. 7-9.
  4. Siljsjkoghospodarsjka entomologhija : pidruchnyk / M.B. Ruban, Ja.M. Ghadzalo ta in. – K. : Aristej, 2007. – 520 s.
  5. Petrov V. M. Tekhnichne zabezpechennja innovacijnykh tekhnologhij u roslynnyctvi / V. M. Petrov // Ekonomika APK. – 2013. – # 2. – S. 100.
  6. Beleckyj E. N. Teoryja y tekhnologhyja mnogholetnegho proghnoza // Zashhyta y karantyn rastenyj / E. N. Beleckyj. – 2006. – #5. – S. 46-50.
  7. Bujankyn N.Y. Rolj svetovogho faktora v povыshenyy produktyvnosty polej // Vestnyk Baltyjskogho federaljnogho unyversyteta ym. Y.Kanta. – 2012. – # 7. S. 128 -133.
  8. Sekun M.P. Zakhody z obmezhennja chyseljnosti zlakovykh mukh na ozymij pshenyci / M.P. Sekun, S.V. Kondratjuk // Zakhyst i karantyn roslyn. – 2008. – Vyp. 54. – S. 344-350.
  9. Rejkosky D. Preymushhestva systemы no-till v ramkakh pochvozashhytnogho zemledelyja / D.Rejkosky, K.E.Sekston // Posiv po tekhnologhy no-till tekhnologhiji : Perev. s anghl. – Dnepropetrovsk, 2007. – S. 21–32.
  10. Rusnak P.P., Cherednichenko O.O. Aktyvizacija innovacijnoji dijaljnosti v aghropromyslovomu vyrobnyctvi // Ekonomika APK. – 2007.–No 3.– S. 10 – 16
  11. Fitosanitarnyj monitoryngh i proghnoz : navch. posibnyk / Kuljeshov A.V., Bilyk M.O., Dovghanj S.V. – Kh. : Espada, 2011. – 608 s.

V. M. Lovynska. Local density of live biomass components of Pinus sylvestris L. within Northern Steppe of Ukraine

UDC 630*17

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-12

V. M. Lovynska

The article presents the results on local natural and basic density of trunk phytomass components of Scots pine within the Northern Ravine Steppe of Ukraine. Investigation of the local density variability was performed for 21 model trees, the age range of which was 9-90 years old. It was established that the average bark local natural density is characterized by a gradual increasing type, while local changes in wood showed the decrease in the natural density from the bases to 0,25h with the next increase to the tree top. A gradual decrease from the bases to the tree top is recorded for the wood basic density.
It was investigated that the bark basic density value for specimens with age up to 40 years and in 81-100 years is reduced to the 0,5h relative height. For the fractions of wood and wood in the bark, the investigated value decreased from the bases to the 0,50h relative height and then had tendention to grow. The calculated indices of the local basic density of trunk wood and wood in the bark had a reverse dependence on the age of Scots pine trees.
One-factor regression models of the local basic density dependence from tree age are developed. It has been established that the most accurate and practical mathematical models for the fractions of wood and wood in bark of Scots pine trees were found. It was recorded that the highest determination coefficients (R2 = 0,814–0,954) were calculated for models that describe the dependence of local basic density on 0,5h and 0,75h relative heights. It is indicated that the developed regression equations can be used for the basic density calculations of phytomass components of Scots pine stands in the Steppe zone conditions.

Key words: local natural density, local basic density, Scots pine, bark, wood, trunk, regression models.

V. Karpenko, S. Pavlyshyn. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants of amelcorn under the influence of prima forte 195 herbicide and wuxal BIO Vita plant growth regulator

UDC 577.152.1:[633.112:632.954:631.811.98]

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-10

V. Karpenko
S. Pavlyshyn

The article presents the findings of the research into the influence of different rates of herbicide Prima Forte 195 and its mixtures with plant growth regulator  Wuxal BIO Vita on the activity of main anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) in the plants of a common amelcorn.

It has been found that under the influence of Prima Forte 195 at the rates of  0.5; 0.6 and 0.7 l/hа applied separately as well as in the mixtures with Wuxal BIO Vita 1.0 l/ha the activity of the enzymes under study increased considerably in a common amelcorn. This indicates that xenobiotic directly affects the state of antioxidant systems, that become active in response to reactive oxygen species, formed as a result of the intensification of metabolic processes in plants.

Field experiments were repeated three times over the period from 2017 to 2018 under conditions of field crop rotation of the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Physiology of  Plants at Uman National University of Horticulture according to the scheme: without the application of preparations (control I); manual weeding during vegetation (control II); Prima Forte 195 at the rates of  0.5; 0.6 and 0.7 l/hа applied separately and in combination with Wuxal BIO Vita 1.0 l/ha at the background of pre-sowing treatment of seed with Wuxal BIO Vita 1.0 l/t and without background.

The application of preparations was carried out at tillering stage with the consumption of the solution 200 l/ha. The analysis of enzymes activity was performed in the laboratory in selected plant samples of field experiment at the stage of leaf-tube formation. The activity of catalase (CF. 1.11.1.6),  peroxidase (CF. 1.11.1.7), polyphenol oxidase (CF. 1.14.18.1) was identified according to the methods, described by Pochynok (1976).

It has been proved that the application of  herbicide Prima Forte 195 at the rates of 0.5 – 0.7  l/ha and Wuxal BIO Vita  at the rate 1.0 l/ha in tank mixtures at the background of pre-sowing treatment  with the same plant growth regulator the seed at the rate of 1.0 l/t causes the increase in the activity of the enzymes belonging to oxidoreductase class – catalase (56,7 – 67,6 %), peroxidase (56,4 – 74,4 %), polyphenol oxidase (28,3 – 44,0 %). This may indicate the increase in the level of detoxification processes in plant organism, that was instigated by the influence of herbicide and aimed at the liquidation of metabolites harmful for plants.

Key words: antioxidant enzymes, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, herbicide, plant growth regulator, amelcorn

References:

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  2. Gar’kova A.N. Obrabotka gerbitsidom granstar vyzyvaet okislitel’nyy stress v list’yakh zlakov / A.N. Gar’kova, M.M. Rusyaeva, O.V. Nushtaeva, Yu.N. Aroslankina, A.S. Lukatkin // Fiziologiya rasteniy. – 2011. – T. 58, №6. – S. 930-943.
  3. Karpenko V. P. Aktyvnist’ okremyh fermentiv klasu oksydoreduktaz u roslynah jachmenju jarogo za dii’ bakovyh sumishej gerbicydiv i reguljatora rostu roslyn / V. P. Karpenko // Zb. naukovyh prac’ Umans’kogo NUS. – 2010. – Vyp. 74. – S. 64–71.
  4. Biologichni osnovy integrovanoi’ dii’ gerbicydiv i reguljatoriv rostu roslyn / V.P. Karpenko, Z.M. Grycajenko, R.M. Prytuljak ta in. – Uman’: «Sochins’kyj», 2012. – 357 s.
  5. Apel K., Hirt H. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction // Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2004. V. 55. P. 373-399.
  6. Halliwell B. Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life // Plant Physiol. 2006. V. 141. P. 312-322.
  7. Hassan N.M., Alla M.M.N. Oxidative stress in herbicide-treated broad bean and maize plants // Acta Physiol. Plant. 2005. V. 27. P. 429-438.
  8. Manoranjan K. Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescence / K. Manoranjan, M. Dinabandhu. // Plant Physiol.. – 1976. – V.57. – P. 315–319.
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  12. Spiridonov Yu. Ya., Zhemchuzhin S. G. Sovremennye problemy izucheniya gerbitsidov (2006–2008 g.) // Agrokhimiya. 2010. № 7. S. 73-91.
  13. Pronina N. B. Fiziologo-biokhimicheskie osobennosti otvetnykh reaktsiy rasteniy na deystvie gerbitsidov / N.B.Pronina // Primenenie pestitsidov i ikh vozdeystvie na sel’skokhozyaystvennye kul’tury i sornye rasteniya pri intensivnoy khimizatsii sel’skogo khozyaystva. – M., 1986. – S. 49 – 59.
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  15. PRIMA FORTE 195, s. e.- Gerbicydy I Syngenta Ukrai’na [Elektronnyj resurs] – Rezhym dostupu do resursu: https://www.syngenta.ua/product/crop-protection/gerbicidi/prima-forte-195-s-e.
  16. Wuxal BIO Vita – Unifer [Elektronnyj resurs] – Rezhym dostupu do resursu: http://unifer.de/ua/zhivlennya-roslin/wuxal/wuxal-bio-vita.
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  18. Dospehov B. A. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoj obrabotki rezul’tatov issledovanij) / B. A. Dospehov. — 5-e izd., dop. i pererab. — M.: Agropromizdat, 1985. — 351 s.: il.
  19. Karpenko V. P. Fiziologichni zminy v roslynah jachmenju jarogo za dii’ biologichno aktyvnyh rechovyn / V. P. Karpenko, R. M. Prytuljak. // Visnyk Umans’kogo nacional’nogo universytetu sadivnyctva. – 2014. – №1. – S. 60–65.
  20. Karpenko V. P. Aktyvnist’ okremyh antyoksydantnyh fermentiv klasu oksydoreduktaz za dii’ gerbicydu Kalibr 75 i reguljatora rostu roslyn Biolan / V. P. Karpenko, R. M. Prytuljak, A. O. Chernega. // Zbirnyk naukovyh prac’ Umans’kogo NUS. – 2013. – №83. – S. 19–25.
  21. Karpenko V. P. Biologichne obg’runtuvannja integrovanogo zastosuvannja gerbicydiv i ristreguljatoriv na jachmeni jaromu : avtoref. dys. na zdobuttja nauk. stupenja dokt. s.-g. nauk : spec. 03.00.12 “Fiziologija roslyn” / Karpenko V. P. – Uman’, 2011. – 44 s.

V. O. Rokotianska. Influence of nanoclayates on the biological completeness of spermatozoids

UDC 636.4:612.8

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-9

V. O. Rokotianska

The experimental data on the effect of ferrous lactate on the qualitative parameters of sperm and the formation of prooxidine-antioxidant homeostasis in the semen of boars is represented.

Experiments were conducted using adult boars of Ukrainian Large White pig breed; they were analogues by age, live weight and the quality of sperm production.

In the experiment, semen samples were divided into three groups. I-group – control. In the experimental groups, solutions contained – 0.15 mg (group II) and 0.3 mg (group III) of ferrous lactate were added. The studied samples were incubated at 38 ° C for 12 and 24 hours.

In the studied samples, the mobility and survival rate of sperm, the number of alive and dead sperm, and also the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis were determined.

The process of incubating whole sperm for 24 hours leads to a significant reduction in sperm motility by 9% and survival of 9.8%. These reductions in the functional activity of sperm are due to the displacement of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the direction of accelerating the processes of peroxide oxidation.

Adding 0.15 mg of ferrous lactate to whole sperm samples contributes to a 7% increase in survival of sperm during 12 hours of incubation with a subsequent decrease to 24 hours of incubation. These changes occur against the background of increased activity of catalase by 31,6% and superoxide dismutase 32,3% (p <0,05). Adding ferrous lactate for incubation in the amount of 0,3 mg stimulates the processes of peroxide oxidation – an increase in the concentration of DK 59% (p <0.01) and TBC 20.7% and a decrease in the activity of SOD at 8.06%, which leads to an increase functional activity of sperm. Prolongation of incubation for up to 24 hours leads to a decrease in the number of low molecular weight antioxidants: glutathione 62.3% (p <0.01) and ascorbic acid – 78% (p <0.01) and growth of dehydroascorbic acid at 135.78% (p <0 , 01), which is accompanied by a decrease in mobility of 18,2% (p <0,05) and survival of sperm 35,6% (p <0,01).

Key words: sperm, boars, sperm production, peroxidation, TBA-active complexes, iron lactate.

References:

  1. Brusov O.S. Vliyanie prirodnyih ingibitorov radikalnyih reaktsiy na avtookislenie adrenalina / O.S. Brusov, A.M. Gerasimov, L.F. Panchenko //Byull. eksp. biol. i med. – 1976. – № 1. –S.33-35.
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T. Pidpala, Ye. Zaitsev. The perspectives for the development of robotized milking systems technology

UDC 636.2.034

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-3(99)-8

V. A. Lehkodukh
M. M. Lutsenko

The analytic observation of technology “motivated milking” technology is provided. The technology has significantly changed not only the approach to the cows milking, but the technology of milk production on the farm where in the center now is not the farmer but an animal with its physiological and ethological needs. The technology has laid a fundament to the future dairy farming. The history of creation, structure and functioning principle of automated milking systems, their spread in Ukraine and in the world. The main producers of robotized dairy equipment and the advantages and disadvantages of robotized milking technology. A number of proposals was formulated for successful distribution and exploitation of robotized milking systems.

It is known, that the cows milking is the most labour consuming, complicated and responsible process in the milk production technology and makes up to 70% of all production cost. That is why the robotized milking systems have much application during last years in the European countries, since they not only decrease the labour cost but also make free the farmer and he does not need to get up early and to spend most of the time on the farm. Moreover, the robotized systems allow milking according to the physiological needs of a cow and to the amount of milk in the udder.

The basis for this milking technology is the so called “motivated  milking”, when the cows are milked not according the plan, but according the desire of the animal, when all functions related to the milking reach their maximal level. Such technology ensures physiological need of a cow in the number of milking compared to the traditional technology of planned milking (two- or three times milking).

The main advantage of milking robots compared with traditional systems is their ability of 24 hours operation of which 21 hours they are at disposal for voluntary milking. Three hours are needed for 2 cycles washing and cleaning of laser sensor.

The other advantages of the robotized cows milking can be the following:

  • The increase of milk yield of the dairy cattle;
  • Considerable improvement of milk quality according to all ecological requirements for safe production. Accordingly better quality influenced the price;
  • Improvement of animal husbandry conditions, decrease of cow diseases e.g. mastitis and extension of their production period;
  • Saving of materials and construction of milking parlor;
  • Efficient and flexible working time use and decrease of labour volume factor in the production cost;
  • Profitability increase of milk production in general.

One of the main obstacles hampering the robotized milking in Ukraine and in the world is its high cost. As to the comparative criterion of cost relation for one conventional place calculated per one cow, the robotized stations of voluntary milking yield very much to the similar modern automated milking parlor, even within the same company’s equipment line.

Only agro-holdings or big agricultural enterprises in Ukraine can afford a robotized system of voluntary milking. Equipment cost has considerably grown after hryvna devaluationduring recent years, however it is not unaffordable for an investor aiming at production of high quality milk.

The robotized milking technology is promising for the dairy animal farming in Ukraine. It relieves the farmer of hard work, it is the most physiologically adapted to the animal, it improves production control and management and ensures high milk quality.

Thus, for a broad introduction of this system in the next years, it is necessary the following: the government support for creation new farms with robotized milking systems, in particular development of farm projects of various type and size, by construction of new farms and reconstruction of existing ones; creation of high productivity herds able to accept the robotized milking; training of highly qualified staff for servicing the robotized milking systems; research of new materials for robotized milking systems, which would  make considerably cheaper the equipment and make it more affordable for the dairy producers.

Key words: milking robot, “intellectual farm”, “motivated milking”, dairy cattle breeding, innovative technologies.

References:

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