№4(96)2017

Improving the vitamin value of frozen pureed mixtures

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UDC 664.8.037

I. Zamorska
Department of technology storage and processing of fruits and vegetables,
Uman national university of horticulture, Uman, Ukraine

The aim of the work was to increase the vitamin value and to improve the organo leptic properties of frozen puree-based mixtures based on apple puree by adding strawberry and pumpkin mashed potatoes.
Apples of Kalvill Snow, pumpkin Muscat Arabatsky and frozen berries of strawberries of the Dukat variety were crushed to the state of puree and put together puree-based mixtures on the basis of apple puree with the replacement of part 25, 50% in strawberry and pumpkin mashed, packed in plastic containers weigh in gup to 0.2 kg products. Control – puree apple. The mixtures were frozen at a temperature of minus 30 ± 1 ° С and stored for six months at a temperature of minus 18 ± 1 ° C. The content of puree mixtures was evaluated following changes in physico-chemical and organoleptic parameters.
It was established that the content of dry soluble substances in the raw material ranged from 6.0% in muscat pumpkin fruits to 17.8% in apples. The content of sugars in apples was significantly higher than other raw materials: 5.3% in strawberries and 3.6 times in pumpkins. Significantly higher levels of organic acids were in strawberry berries.
It was found that as a result of wiping, the content of dry soluble substances decreased by 0.4%, sugar – by 0.2-0.4, and organic acids by 0.1% from their content in the raw materials. The preservation of as corbic acid was 91.6-93.9%. The significantly higher pH values set in the pumpkin pore were 4.7.
It was proved that the introduction of strawberry straw into the recipe of frozen puree-based mixtures on the basis of apple puree contributed to an increase in the content of as corbic acid by 25-50%, with preservation at freezing at 84.9-89.1%. The pH of the prepared apple-straw mixture decreased to 3.6.
Replacing the part of the apple pie straw on the straw contributed to an increase in the organo leptic evaluation of the product: for the appearance – by 0,4-0,6, for the consistency – by 0,4-0,8, for the color – by 0,6-1,2, the taste and the flavor – by 0,3-0,7. A high organo leptic evaluation was obtained by apple (50%) – strawberry (50%) mixture.

Keyword: freezing, puree mixture, strawberry, pumpkin, chemical composition, weight loss.

Improving the vitamin value of frozen pureed mixtures.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

Modeling the process of thread and screw rolling by rolls

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UDC 621.3

А. Zubiekhina-Khaiiat

Improving the quality and reliability of the machines and their components is an important and urgent tasks of the present stage of development of domestic engineering. This problem can be solved by developing and strengthening the development of effective methods of machine parts and increase their durability.
To increase the wear resistance of friction pairs, and contact fatigue strength of parts widely used surface plastic deformation of break-rollers. Implementation of the best break in main mode (work force) linked to the rigidity of the technological system machine-tool-workpiece. In the sense of preserving the best mode break-a danger not only reduce stiffness, as its volatility.
One of the effective and simple methods of hardening the surface layer is the method of surface plastic deformation. Parts of small sizes, especially hardened, are usually treated with rollers. A method is proposed for rolling threads and screws with large angles of lifting the winding line.
The task of theoretical research is the development of methods and technology for rolling over parts of agricultural machines with rollers, taking into account the rigidity of the technological system. In this case, it is necessary to turn off the appearance of wave surface of the surface during the rolling process, which will combine the hardening and finishing rolling and increase the hardening efficiency. Conduct a physical simulation of the rolling of screw surfaces, needle rollers. In this case, observe the equality of the curvature of the contacting bodies and the slip velocity in the deformation zone. Set whether it is possible to rollingarchimedeanscrews with deformations along the entire depth of the profile with needle rollers.

Keyword: needle rollers, rolling screw surfaces by needle rollers, curvature of a screw surface, a roughness.

Modeling the process of thread and screw rolling by rolls.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

Use of modern magnetometry methods for defectoscopy of technical objects

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UDC 537.624.8:620.179.143.5:629.4.027.5

A. Zhydkov

The article deals with the problem of detecting hidden defects in metal parts using magnetometry methods. As the object of study, the axes of wheel pairs of railway cars are chosen. The subject of the study is latent defects and fatigue cracks in the developmental stage. It is shown that the latent cracks that develop in the case of fatigue failure are the most dangerous defect that leads to accidents of technical objects and catastrophes. It is established that modern methods of nondestructive testing do not provide reliable detection of such defects. Two methods of flaw detection, a ferro-probe and based on the magnetic memory of a metal are considered. Approaches to the improvement of the ferrosonde method are proposed. The reliability of defect detection by ferro-probes can be increased by transferring them to resonant mode and by using software signal processing. The use of the resonant mode makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the ferro-probe by a factor of 8-10. As a mathematical basis for signal processing, it is proposed to use methods of nonlinear mechanics, the theory of chaos, and a multiplex method of recording a useful signal. As an alternative method of diagnostics, it is proposed to use the method of magnetic memory of metal. The essence of the method is briefly considered. As the main objects for detection, concentrators of mechanical stresses, traces of plastic deformation and defects in the form of discontinuity of the metal are determined. The device implementing this method is described. The results of testing the device on samples with different defects are given. Prospects and directions for further improvement of the proposed methods for nondestructive testing of the state of technical objects are outlined.

Keyword: non-destructive testing, hidden defect, magnetometry, ferrozond, metal magnetic memory method.

Use of modern magnetometry methods for defectoscopy of technical objects.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

The system of the optimal regulation of the hot-dip galvanizing process

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UDC 681.5

L. Bugrim,
I. Bilyuk,
S. Gavrilov,
A. Kurgan

The system of the optimal regulation of the hot-dip galvanizing process is synthesized. The design procedure for the parameters of the optimal system of regulation is given. The quadratic quality index is selected to serve as the optimality criterion. The parameters of the optimal system of the regulation of the hot-dip galvanizing process are calculated. The simulation of the designed regulation system is performed. It is shown that the synthesized system of the optimal regulation ensures smoothness and high speed of the hot-dip galvanizing process.

Keyword: system of automated regulation, optimal system of regulation, hotdip galvanizing, mathematical model, transition, imitation model.

The system of the optimal regulation of the hot-dip galvanizing process.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

Electrothermal analysis of elements of the educational and research laboratory stand of the electrotechnical laboratory

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UDC 621.3

O. Kyrychenko1, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
I. Sidorika2, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
D. Marchenko1, Candidate of Technical Sciences
1Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
2National Shipbuilding University named after. Admiral Makarov

Introduction. According to the state educational standards of Ukraine, the passage of laboratory practice in the discipline of electrical engineering and electronics basics involves the practical development of students’ experimental methods for studying electric circuits and consolidation of theoretical knowledge and skills, as well as familiarity with electrical measurements.
The error in determining of parameters and electric circuits operating modes by calculation and obtained experimentally differs in magnitude, which in some cases amounts to 10-15%. One of the reasons that affects the error magnitude is the heat emission in the electric circuit’s elements, which leads to an increase in the spread of their parameters, which was not taken into account before.
Research methodology. The methodology for studying the elements of the training and testing stand of the electrotechnical laboratory envisaged the creation of a geometric, finite-elemental and realistic 3D-resistor models.
Electrothermal analysis of the electrical laboratory training bench elements was carried out using numerical simulation.
Research results. The distribution of the main electric and thermal quantities by the volume of the electrical laboratory’seducational-research stand element is established.
As a result of the electrothermal analysis, different values of the resistor heating were obtained at a different magnitude of the current strength flowing through it, on the basis of which the resistor’s electrothermal characteristics were constructed. The resulting thermal model is adiabatic, and therefore the resulting numerical values for temperature should be considered as the upper thermal limit.
Conclusions. Conducting an electrothermal analysis of elements of the UNSS-1 training laboratory unit allowed to establish the distribution of the main electrical and thermal variables by the volume of the training laboratory stand element.
The influence of heat on the accuracy of calculations in determining the parameters and modes of operation of electric circuits by calculation and determined experimentally is determined. Taking into consideration thermal flux has increased the general accuracy of electric parameters calculations, since the error was not more than 5-7%.

Keyword: electrothermal analysis, educational and research stand, electrotechnical laboratory, modeling, temperature fi eld.

Electrothermal analysis of elements of the educational and research laboratory stand of the electrotechnical laboratory.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

Influence of gender and pedigree affiliation of the rabbits on growth and development of specialized meat breed

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UDC 636.92

A. Pogorelova, post-graduate student
Mykolaiv National Agrarian University

The dynamics of live weight of males and rabbits of specialized meat breeds is investigated. It was found that Californian rabbits at 30 days of age are inferior to Pannon white and New Zealand white for 45 and 35 g, respectively. The dynamics of the absolute increase in live weight of rabbits is determined. It was found that the predominance of females over males on the values of absolute growth was an average of 131 g. The variance of the variability of the influence of sex and race on the live weight of rabbits at different ages was investigated. It is established that its value is greatest at birth of rabbits (58.3%). The variance of the variability of the influence of sex and race on the absolute and on the average daily increment of live weight of rabbits is determined. It has been established that the chance variation of the average daily gain of live weight of rabbits decreases from 35.3% to 5.2% (almost sevenfold), and the determined influence of the species affiliation on the variability of the average daily gain of live weight of rabbits in all investigated periods was on the same levels – from 9.7 to 10.4%. The interaction of the genital affiliation and gender on the absolute growth of live weight from birth to the 30th day of age is the highest – 48.9%, and the lowest is observed in the period from 61 to 90 days of age – 40.2%.
The significant influence of sex on the variability of development of rabbits of the specialized meat production direction during the period of early ontogeny development has been proved. It is determined that the greatest influence of sex on absolute growth of live weight is observed for the period of 61 … 90 days, its value exceeds the value of the period from birth to 30 days of age by 27,7%. It is determined that the development of live weight and indicators, which characterizes it is influenced by sex, and on growth – the relationship of sex and race membership. It was investigated that the results of the observation of the dynamics of live weight during the periods of grazing and fattening of high-yielding rabbits showed that rabbits are likely to exaggerate males.

Keyword: gender, live weight, variability, growth, development, breed, velocity, absolute growth.

Influence of gender and pedigree affiliation of the rabbits on growth and development of specialized meat breed.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

Features of heritable signs of milk yield by daughters of Holstein breed cows

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UDC 636.2:636.082.4

E. Zaitsev

The presence of various factors of influence on breeding grounds, depending on the genetic potential of livestock breeds and the productivity of herds, determines the systematic and concreteness of assessing the inheritance of the signs.
As a result of the conducted researches it was established that from the cows-mothers of this level of daughters is received with different productivity. Most of the daughters in terms of breastfeeding prevail over their mothers, with the exception of groups with a tune of «8554-9372» and «>9373». There is a phenomenon where the hereditary quality of the uterus does not manifest itself in the next generation, despite the fact that they are mating with the highly valuable buds-pedigrees. However, the descendants obtained from cows with a level of milking «<8553» are better in terms of performance than their mothers. The comparative analysis was also found that the daughters with a high milk yield of 929 kg(P>0.99) were compared with the mothers with the highest amount of milking in the group «>9373». This indicates that at a higher level of support for cows, the genetic potential of productivity appears more clearly.
Confirmation of this tendency is to determine the coefficients of inheritance. They characterize the influence of mothers on the share of the hereditary component in the phenotypic variability of the characteristics of the studied population. It was established high, middle and low stages of inheritance of the signs of milk production of Holstein breed animals.
Consequently, it was revealed patterns of inheritance of the signs of milk productivity indicate the possibility of effective selection for mass selection of cows with high productivity.

Keyword: cows, mothers, daughters, sign, correlation, heritableness.

Features of heritable signs of milk yield by daughters of Holstein breed cows.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

Influence of high temperatures on heat resistance, clinical and energy parameters of cows in different versions without attachment keeping

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UDC 636.2.083.312.3:612.017

A. Borshch
A. Borshch

The increase in air temperature and humidity beyond certain values (norms) has a negative impact on animals. It was established that for box keeping, the daily range of relative humidity was slightly higher (32-44%), compared with the maintenance on deep litter – 32-41%, with equal fluctuations of air temperature from 22 up to 38 ºС. The temperature-humidity index for boxing content varied from 67 % in the coolest time of day (02.00-05.00) a year to 87 % at the peak of the temperature load (13.00-16.00 h).
For keeping on deep litter, the temperature-humidity index was slightly lower and ranged from 66 % in the night period (02.00-03.00 h) to 86 % at the peak of the heat (15.00-17.00 h). This is explained by the fact that the straw litter of winter cultures, which is introduced daily has good hygroscopic properties (1 kg of straw absorbs up to 4 kg of moisture and manure) and the technological placement of drinking water, which are located on the side of the pus-fodder passage and minimize the leakage of liquid residues in the recreation area.
It was established that the thermal stress of cows for keeping on deep litter was absent from 23.00 to 09.00 h, and from 09.00 to 22.00 it was moderate. For boxing, the period of absence of thermal stress was much shorter – from 01.00 to 08.00 h, and moderate stress was observed in the period from 08.00 to 00.00 h, respectively.
A slightly lower range of daily oscillation of relative humidity for maintenance on a deep, long-swaddling litter had an impact on the temperature-humidity index in the room, clinical parameters and as a consequence of heat resistance, bioenergetics and the severity of the respiration process.

Keyword: without attachmentkeeping, temperature, heat resistance, stress, difficulty breathing, deep litter.

Influence of high temperatures on heat resistance, clinical and energy parameters of cows in different versions without attachment keeping.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

Effect of long-term manufacturing use for the change of quality indicators of sperm produation

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UDC 636.4.084.421

S. Galimov, Сandidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor,
Mykolayiv national agrarian University

In order to analyze the intensive use of chickens in the conditions of industrial technology, it was postulated to study the characteristics of sperm production and qualitative changes in the sperm parameters of the hams of different directions of productivity and breed in the process of their production use in the conditions of the agricultural private enterprise “Techmet-Yug” of the Vitovsky district of the Mykolaiv region.
In the conditions of the economy, the indicators of sperm production of buds-breeders of large white, Landrace, Pitren and domestic, for fitness for industrial longevity were studied. The productivity was analyzed in the following age periods: from the beginning of use to 12 months of age, 13-18 months, 19-24 months, 25-30 months, 31-36 months. At the same time studied the following indicators: the volume of ejaculate, ml; concentration ml / ml; number of spermodoses, pc.
The volume of ejaculate in the stings of the studied rocks varies with age in different ways. At the age of one and a half these differences are mainly preserved, with the only difference that the numbers go forward with the concentration of the sperm of the breed of the breed of a large white wine, they will stabilize 183 million / ml, in the piebras 108 million / ml (difference of probability P <0.001 ) And the domestic swine is removed from the harsh place, going up to other genus nnam at 29.2 30.7 million / ml (P <0.01 0.001). In 2,0 2,5 years of age, the largest number of sperm in the ejaculate of mallard root lobster (178 million / ml). The largest productive longevity is the Landrace bream, among which only 7% of animals were released during the first two years of life, and in the third year 14.0%. Almost an analogous picture is observed in the large white breed, in which up to three years of age, for various reasons, 23.0% of buds are cleared. And here, amongst the breeds of the breed, Pyrets, the same number (22.8%) is cleared already to two years and another 8.3% in the third year of life. Taking into account the number of sperm dosages obtained from buds up to the age of three, the timing and percentage of their sampling should be confidently recognized that they are most adapted to the intensive industrial technology of rodra rocks.

Keyword: industrial longevity, bud, sperm production, ejaculate, concentration.

Effect of long-term manufacturing use for the change of quality indicators of sperm produation.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

Method of increasing productivity and preservation of piglets

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UDC 636.4.084.421

A. Lykhach,
V. Lykhach

At present, pig farms are often the death of young pigs due to coli-enterotoxemia. Given this fact, the disease is relevant, since it is very common in pigs. This disease usually affects piglets after weaning more live weight. This occurs when excessive and greedy eating of a large number of feeds, especially heavily peppered ones. Treatment of coli-enterotoxemia is effective only at the onset of the disease. The main condition must be prevention. The most effective and cost-effective method of preventing and treating a disease is feeding the excised pigs within the zoo-hygienic norms of sodium chloride.
However, in pigsty there is no clear idea of the period of use of sodium chloride to prevent colienterotoxemia of piglets after weaning. In this regard, the main goal of our research was to study the period of use of sodium chloride for piglets after weaning to prevent colienterotoxemia. For this purpose, we conducted scientific experiments in the conditions of the agricultural cooperative “Mig-Service-Agro” of the Mykolaiv region and formed 5 experimental groups of extramarital piglets weighing 8 kg on the principle of analogues.
During the studies, we found that the best option for preventing coli-enteric toxicity in piglets was the introduction of sodium chloride 4 days before and 4 days after weaning, since almost the first day pigs consumed sodium chloride and showed great interest in mineral fertilization, and therefore had significantly higher productivity during growing up than their peers.
Thus, the largest live weight, registered in the IV experimental group of pigs, who had free access to sodium chloride 4 days before and 4 days after weaning, was 37.8 kg than the animals of the I, II, III, V experimental groups. This fact contributed to an increase in the average daily gain of the mass of piglets in the group IV – 404.2 g, in contrast to peers I-III groups – 321.8 384.1 grams. Thus, the survival of piglets was highest in pigs of the IV experimental group – 98.8%.
In our opinion, the physiological effect of sodium chloride to prevent coli-enterotoxemia of pigs is the presence of a “sodium-potassium pump”
First, through the smallest pores, sodium is pumped out of cells. As a result, the concentration of sodium in the intracellular fluid decreases in the presence of salt. Other sodium ions penetrate the protective membrane into the cell. There is a constant exchange of fluids between the outer and inner cells. Otherwise, there is accumulation of fluid around the intracellular membrane and provokes edema, and then the nervous, edema forms of the disease.

Keyword: piglets, piglets ‘productivity, piglets’ safety, sodium chloride, weaning.

Method of increasing productivity and preservation of piglets.

Issue 4 (96), 2017