V. 3 release (79), Volume January 2014

ECONOMIC SCIENCES
3.  І. Kishcak, N.O. Korneva, О. Novikov. Strategic imperatives of the national fishery development
16.  Vyshnevskaya O. Directions and components of ecological oriented development of country’s economy
23.  Valeriy I. Features of determination of discount rate for energy producing investment projects
36.  N. Potrivaeva. The auditing as a mean of bankruptcy prevention
44. M.S. Samoilik. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF REGIONAL POLITICS RESOURCE ENSURING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
51.  M. Babych  Legal regulation of the right to food in Ukraine
61.  Alexander Bilichenko. Disciplinary Policy and Instruments of its Realization in Labor Collective
73.  S.O. Malyuk.  Assortment strategies in complex marketing system of enterprise
81.  A. Kostyrko. International experience of strengthen the financial capacity of the state
88.  T.A. Tkachenko. Evaluating the effectiveness of sales management of agricultural enterprises
95.  Kharchuk. Methodological approaches to assessing bioenergy potential of straw
105.  E.M. Fedorchuk. Assessment of the energy potential of bioenergy crops in Kherson region
115.  K. Kuhta. Forming of the marketing system on grain production enterprises
126.  R.V. Danylchenko. Formation of organizational and economic mechanisms of the grain market

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
139.  V. I. Lopushniak. Dynamics of phosphoric mode of dark grey podzolic soil under the influence of different systems of fertilizer
146.  Scherbakov, D. Stan. The problems of intensification of the fodder beet production in Ukraine
153.  S. Baiberova. Conservation of biological value of apples by DEPAA antioxidant composition treatement
159.  О.T. Semen. Dynamic of macroelements in soil in growing of cucurbita moschata in the South of Ukraine
169. Denisyuk O. Productivity and reproductive ability of cows with different character of the lactation curve
176.  N. Yaremich. Perspective of using preparation «E-selenium» to improve the reproductive ability of female mink of scandinavian selection

TECHNICAL SCIENCES
183.  A. Fomenko, D. Shareiko, I. Bilyuk.  The bench for physical modeling of the work processes in the electric drives of the machining workstations with numerical program control
190.  Л.П. Воробьёв, Д.В. Бабенко, Г.А. Иванов, Н.Л. Воробьёва. Типы опорных подшипников с газовой смазкой, используемых в роторных машинах
198. Dmitro Koshkin, Ph.D., Extreme control system of hammer feed grinder electric drive

Version 3 release (79), Volume January 2014

Головний редактор:
В.С. Шебанін, доктор технічних наук, професор, член-кореспондент НААН України

Заступники головного редактора:
І.І. Червен, доктор економічних наук, професор
К.М. Думенко, доктор технічних наук, доцент
В.П. Клочан, кандидат економічних наук, доцент
М.І. Гиль, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор
В.В. Гамаюнова, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор

Вiдповiдальний секретар:
Н.В. Потриваєва, доктор економічних наук, доцент

Члени редакційної колегії:
Економічні науки:
О.В. Шебаніна, доктор економічних наук, професор
Н.М. Сіренко, доктор економічних наук, професор
О.І. Котикова, доктор економічних наук, професор
Джулія Олбрайт, PhD, професор (США)
І.В. Гончаренко, доктор економічних наук, професор
О.М. Вишневська, доктор економічних наук, доцент
А.В. Ключник, доктор економічних наук, доцент
О.Є. Новіков, доктор економічних наук, доцент
О.В. Скрипнюк, доктор юридичних наук, професор
О.Д. Гудзинський, доктор економічних наук, професор
О.Ю. Єрмаков, доктор економічних наук, професор
В.І. Топіха, доктор економічних наук, професор
В.М. Яценко, доктор економічних наук, професор
М.П. Сахацький, доктор економічних наук, професор
В.С. Дога, доктор економічних наук, професор (Молдова)

Технічні науки:
Б.І. Бутаков, доктор технічних наук, професор
К.В. Дубовенко, доктор технічних наук, професор
В.Д. Будак, доктор технічних наук, професор
С.I. Пастушенко, доктор технічних наук, професор
А.А. Ставинський, доктор технічних наук, професор
В.П. Лялякіна, доктор технічних наук, професор (Росія)

Сільськогосподарські науки:
В.С. Топіха, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор
Т.В. Підпала, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор
Л.С. Патрєва, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор
В.П. Рибалко, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор, академік НААН України
І.Ю. Горбатенко, доктор біологічних наук, професор
І.М. Рожков, доктор біологічних наук, професор
В.А. Захаров, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор (Росія)
С.Г. Чорний, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор
М.О. Самойленко, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор
Л.К. Антипова, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, доцент
В.І. Січкар, доктор біологічних наук, професор
А.О. Лимар, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор
В.Я. Щербаков, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор
Майкл Бьоме, професор (Німеччина)

strategic imperatives of the national fishery development

Number, year
3(79), Vol. 1, 2014
UDC 33:626.88:699.3: (477)

strategic imperatives of the national fishery development

І. Kishcak, Doctor of Economics, professor
Н.Korneva, Candidate of Economics, Associate professor
Mykolayiv National University by B.O. Sukhomlynsky
О.Novikov, Doctor of Economics, Associate professor
Mykolayiv National Agrarian University

The components of restoration and protection structures of living aquatic resources are investigated. The process of inland waters’ restoration for the national fish production is researched. The condition of state support of the industry is studied. The strategic imperatives of the Ukrainian fishery complex’s development are defined.

Keywords: fishery complex, imperative, diversification, state support, strategy. (more…)

Directions and components of ecological oriented development of counry’s economy

Number, year
3(79), Vol. 1, 2014
UNC 681.5.0171

Directions and components of ecological oriented development of counry’s economy

Vyshnevskaya O., Ph.D, professor
Mykolayiv National Agrarian University

 The article describes the components of the direction and development of the economy in order to create conditions for sustainable development. The necessity of implementing the strategy of environmental economic development in a systematic manner is grounded. The priority factors influencing the catalyzing action to preserve the environment were identified. Our research is directed at the grounding of components and potential opportunities to limit the negative impact on the environment, based on the consistency and comprehensiveness of the actions and their sequence. The study aims to learn the nature and components of the ecological security formation, identifying cause-and-effect relationships in the use of certain types of natural resources in order to minimize the negative impact of environmental risks through the activation of investment and innovation processes, improving the technological readiness and the implementation of innovative technological solutions in the economic spheres of Ukraine.

The purpose of the research is to ground the components and to reveal the ways of formation of ecologically oriented sectors of economy; to identify cause-and-effect relationships in using certain types of natural resources of researched areas to minimize the negative impact of environmental risks, ecosystems’ conservation, the strategic objectives and priorities’ grounding.

Methodology of research. There were used such scientific methods as theoretical generalization to explore the theoretical foundations and development components, taking into account the environmental priorities at the national and territorial levels; systematic approach to justify the ways of innovative development and increase the level of technological readiness of industries and relationships with guaranteeing of the state’s ecological security.

Findings. The paper considers the environmental priorities in economic development on the basis of stability. The necessity of introducing the system of national and regional programs for the conservation of ecosystems was proved. The priority factors influencing the formation of greening production, reducing environmental risks are identified. The need to implement systematic measures with a focus on investment and innovative development in order to increase the level of technological readiness of the economy and enhancing the implementation of innovative technological solutions is discussed. It was proved that the world globalization flows and economic, financial, social, environmental and other processes are the benchmarks of any national economy for the future. It was found that ignoring globalization changes and trends will limit the possibilities of obtaining benefits at the national level.

Originality. The close relationship with the innovative development of the country and its environmental priorities based on a systematic approach to the implementation of programs at the state and territorial levels is proved.

Practical value. The acquisition of new innovative solutions requires increased technological readiness and enhancing the intrusion in the economic sectors of the economy, taking into account the relevant guarantee the rights of investors. The integration of environmental priorities with the directions of economic sectors’ development is a prerequisite for the further formation of innovation oriented country, taking into account the needs of modern society in natural resources and their biological features’ preservation for future generations.

Keywords:
ecological oriented development, sustainable development, environmental consciousness.

(more…)

Features of determination of discount rate for energy producing investment projects

Number, year
3(79), Vol. 1, 2014
UNC 681.5.0171

FEATURES of determination of discount rate for ENERGY producing investment projects

Valeriy I. Havrysh, Ph.D., D.Sc., professor

Interest in using biomass as feedstock for biofuel production has been increasing recently due to concerns about volatile oil prices, climate change, and so on. Producing of renewable energy involves large risks, while requiring heavy capital investment with relatively long payback periods when compared with other business sectors.

To arrive at a solution to the project evaluation problem, one will need to determine the level of discount rate for each project within an acceptable margin of error. The discount rate for a given project is typically determined by using risk-free market rates plus a market risk premium adjusted in relation to the volatility of the investment compared to the market. In practice, however, the discount rate is still subjective and dependent on corporate or other experience factors.

Several types of investment appraisals, such as payback period, accounting rate of return (ARR), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index, and net present value (NPV), can be used to assess an investment project. The NPV is the most common project evaluation approach used by firms. The NPV index at the tth year depends on the selection of the discount rate, which can greatly affect the economics and decision making, particularly in capital-intensive projects.

A Discount Rate is used to convert projected cash flows into a present value to enable comparison of competing options for which the cash flows reflect differences in both timing and amounts. The Discount Rate reflects the Rate of Return expected by an investor to compensate the investor for placing capital at risk in a project.

Several studies estimating the Discount Rates have been conducted. Most of the above deals with the use of Discount Rates in the context of investment evaluation. But they do not take into account energy price dynamic. This decreases the precision of determination and, as a result, investment appraisals.

The dynamics of inflation and changing of energy resources prices, especially of motor fuel, have been analyzed. It is determined that the dynamics of the last factor can both improve and worsen the financial indicators of investment projects. The mutual influence of inflation and changing of energy resources prices on the incomes of these projects has been revealed. A method for determining the discount rate, taking into account the above factors has been offered.

The economic model developed here can be used to assess the discount rate of a renewable energy producing projects. The application results of the base case revealed that the calculated value as a rule less than one obtained without influence of energy price dynamic by 3…4 %.

This study provides a solid base for further research in assessing the discount rate of the biofuel facility.

Key words:
discount rate, risk, inflation, energy resources, investment (more…)

The auditing as a mean of bankruptcy prevention

Number, year
3(79), Vol. 1, 2014
UNC 681.5.0171

In the present study analyzed aspects of the organization of audit as a means of avoiding bankruptcy. It was found that, despite a comprehensive study of this issue, domestic enterprises have their own characteristics, taking into account that require specific audit procedures to ensure their financial stability and independence.

The author was characterized by the financial stability of the domestic enterprise as the ability of business entities not only function, but also to maintain the balance of its own assets and sources of its formation, which make up its solvency and ability of a potential investment.

Diagnosis risk of bankruptcy, which can be carried out by means of external control, and at the level of internal audit is a set of activities related to the development, distribution and cumulative effects of risks, their mutual influence and accumulation.

The article described in detail the audit or the overall risk, including the components of the impact of the warnings of the threat of bankruptcy probability.

The study notes that without the financial risk can not do any business. That is why the risk assessment is the basis of internal control.

Were considered components of internal control information, the organization of its management and the prevention of unnecessary risks. These tasks in domestic enterprises are the prerogative of both management and internal audit recommendations which contribute to the efficient operation of the enterprise.

The article also considers the alternative of providing internal audit services large audit firms. The organization of the audit by the example of Western practices, namely the organization of the activities of the Audit Committee, independent of management. (more…)

Conceptual framework of regional politics resource ensuring and environmental safety

Number, year
3(79), Vol. 1, 2014
UNC 330.15:504.06

The problem of ensuring resource and environmental safety and more efficient use of natural and economic potential of the area is a priority for each region of Ukraine. In this aspect, forming new comprehensive approaches to ensuring resource and environmental safety in the region and creating strategies for improving primary and secondary resources management based on economic models and mechanisms are becoming a priority in regional development.

The article deals with the development and scientific substantiation of the conceptual framework for ensuring resource and environmental safety of the regions of Ukraine. This framework is focused on increasing the efficient use of natural and economic potential of the area, resource preservation and substitution, which includes hazard identification and determination of areas of resource and environmental safety, that allows to select a prior strategy for ensuring resource and environmental safety of the region; selecting measures for ensuring a sufficient level of the resource and economic safety of the region on the basis of optimizing economic models and comprehensive assessment of alternative scenarios; correction and coordination of solutions.

Selecting the measures for modernization of technology of improving the resource and environmental potential of the region is based on optimization of the objective functions: minimization of damage from contamination of the environment; minimization of environmental risks for population health; maximization of sorting and recycling waste; maximization of profits from the sale of secondary material and energy resources; minimization of energy consumption in the production process, that is ensured by the maximum return of secondary resources into the economy of the region; maximization of profits from operation of the secondary resources handling system in the region, defined as the difference between income from its operations and its expenditures.

The practical implications of the work are strategy optimization for ensuring resource and environmental safety in the region, implementation of which will help to improve the resource availability and competitiveness of the region, make additional profit from the secondary resources; preserve primary resources and to improve their quality, to return contaminated lands into the economy of the region (addressing the economical and resource aspects);  minimize health risk for population from the negative impact of the waste, improve social and psychological climate in the region (addressing the social aspect); ensure preservation and restoration of the regional environment, natural state of ecosystems and entropy minimum (addressing the environmental aspect).

Key words: resource and environmental safety, region, secondary resources, solid wastes.

(more…)

Legal regulation of the right to food in Ukraine.

Number, year
3(79), Vol. 1, 2014
UNC 681.5.0171

M. Babych.

Abstract. The legal framework of food safety regulating fo, which implements the right to food in Ukraine was considered.

The legislative initiatives with respect to this right by five levels in Ukraine are systematized. The first level: the laws of national significance (Constitution of Ukraine, the Law “On National Security of Ukraine”); the second level: sectoral laws (Law “On Basic Principles of the State Agrarian Policy for the period up to 2015”, the Law “On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine”, the Law “On Grain and Grain Market in Ukraine”, the Law “On Milk and milk products” ); the third level: laws designed to protect certain sections of the population (Law “On Living Wage ‘Law’ On Baby Food”); the fourth level: legislation on food safety and nutrition (Law “On Standardization”, Law “On conformity assessment”, “On State Material Reserve”, “The safety and quality of food”, “Consumer Protection”, “On sanitary and Epidemiological welfare of the Population”, “On protection of population against infectious diseases”, “On creating of State Biosafety System, its testing, transportation and use of genetically modified organisms”); the fifth level: general (framework) law on food security (draft).

It was established that in Ukraine it is necessary to create the legal framework (excluding Law “On food security”) to regulate standards of human rights to adequate and quality food. It should also be noted that in Ukraine, compared with individual members of the European Union, this issue, in terms of providing legal regulation, it is paid much more attention. However, the possibility to implement this law in a particular part of the moral and material compensation through the competent administrative or judicial authorities to Ukrainian citizens, particularly disadvantaged social groups is largely absent. That is a declaration of rights, and the possibility of its realization which is pretty much limited.

Keywords: law, nutrition, food safety, legislation. (more…)

Disciplinary Policy and Instruments of its Realization in Labor Collective

Number, year
3(79), Vol. 1, 2014
UNC 330.1081

Summary.

Necessary condition for social work organization of the enterprises and the industry sector is observance of the labor regulations. The goal of the labor process can not achieve without enforcement employees certain regulations, without observance of labor discipline.

Employment relationships are changingthatencouragescontinued research oneffectiveapproaches toimplementingdisciplinarypolicyteam.

The aim ofthis article is tostudy the features ofdisciplinarypoliciesand instruments for itsimplementation inthe workplacein modern economicconditions.

The interactionandrelationship betweencompanyemployeesare governedby internalregulations.

The internal schedule regulates the labor disciplineandensures a comfortablepsychological environmentfor employeesin the workplace.

Social control is important thing in the process of implementing disciplinary policies in the workplace. Social control is a means ofpersuasion, suggestion, regulations and prohibitions,enforcementsystem, the system of meansexpressionrecognition,distinctions,awards,through which thebehaviorof individualsandsubgroupsis providedaccording to thesamplesand values.

Conclusion of employment contracts became widespread in some organizations and companies. The employment contract is a special form of labor contract. The labor contracts concluded with scientific-pedagogical staff to strengthen labor discipline in Mykolayiv National Agrarian University. An employment contract individualizing each agreement, fill it with specific content: regulate in detail the rights and obligations of the parties, the regime of work and leisure, social conditions, the form and amount of remuneration for the work and any additional conditions.

Keywords (more…)

Assortment strategies in complex marketing system of enterprise.

Number, year
3(79), Vol. 1, 2014
УДК 339.138:664.61

In the face of uncertainty and variability of market conditions, as well as very tough competition between producers, an essential element of economic security of enterprise is to plan the optimal product assortment, which requires manufacturers to make the right strategic decisions and choosing effective product line strategy.

At the present stage of development, there are many marketing options of assortment strategies. Depending on the strategic direction of the enterprise shareware assortment policy they can be grouped into three categories: 1) innovation strategy of the goods; 2) variations in product strategy; 3) the strategy of elimination product.

Update product or innovation in product portfolio is going towards differentiation and diversification. Differentiation is based on improving the attractiveness of the product due to its diversity. Conceptually differentiation is the development of different variants of commodity supply at two levels: between competitors for similar goods and between goods of one manufacturer targeted at different market segments. The strategy of diversification of product range is based on the idea of maximum possible expansion of product lines positions.

Variation (modification) of goods often is to change the external shape of the product, its packaging, and technical and performance properties. Subject variation may be physical and functional properties; aesthetic properties; market attributes of goods; additional services.

Strategy of elimination, i.e., removal of old product from the market, is imposed by the market and the demand for it. For removing the goods from the market, the following strategy of elimination is used

1) harvesting;

2) exhaustion;

3) the concentration of effort;

4) enhancing product lines;

5) exclusion of product lines.

During studying the strategies of enterprise product lines, we have found that in practice it is advisable to use a set of several product policy strategies rather than each separately, as they complement each other. Also, we note that while most used in domestic enterprises are diversification strategy that enable companies to obtain sustainable competitive advantage and reduce risks.

Keywords (more…)