UDC 631.459:504.03.811.111

OlenaKotykova, Doctor ofEconomics, Professor
Olga Khristenko, Candidate ofEconomic Sciences
Mykolayiv National Agrarian Unіversity

Indication research of ecological condition of agrarian land use in Ukraine was made on the basis of the author’s method. Research period includes data of 1985-2013years. Based on the results it was concluded that the agricultural land use in Ukraine corresponds the requirements of sustainable development. Indices are the main components of indication model of sustainable agricultural land use development in Ukraine.

Keywords
Indication, model, land use, sustainable development, ecological conditions, method. (more…)

1(82), 2015
UNC 338.43:633.2

І. Cherven, N. Tsurkan

Introduction. Cost-effective production of agrarian products requires the obligatory improvement of cropping acreage structure to improve soil fertility. The livestock base must be taken into account at the same time and the needs of the livestock in the forage, including herbs. The aim of our study is a comprehensive assessment of the perennial grasses’ production development in the South of Ukraine and determining the amount of acreage of these crops which are necessary to ensure the needs of cattle in forage. The results of the research. The state of production development of perennial grasses on farms of the South of Ukraine is analyzed in retrospect. It is found out that the scientifically based standards of the structure of crop rotations are violated. It is established that in the conditions of uncontrolled business farmers are oriented towards the production of more profitable and marketable crop production, ignoring scientific standards and the world’s experience in agricultural production. At the same time the proportion of the areas of forage crops, including perennial grasses for hay and green fodder in the structure of total sown area in the South of Ukraine (1-2% at the rate of 8-10% in the rotation) remains unreasonably low. This also affects the deterioration of soil fertility. From year to year due to the lack of acreage of perennial leguminous grasses, such as alfalfa and sainfoin, the loss of organic nitrogen, is increaser while could have been accumulated in the soil, thereby reducing the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers by growing the following crops in rotation after perennial grasses. The total reduction in the sown area to fodder crops is characterized by the simultaneous increase in the proportion of areas of perennial grasses, mainly legumes, in their structure. Insufficient quantity of areas for herbs reduces the production of forage production of these high protein crops, which slows down the development of livestock in the Southern Steppe and negatively affects the economic performance of the industry. In this regard, the simulation model of the number of cattle in this area up to 2020, is developed and also the calculation of the required areas under perennial grasses (for example, alfalfa) is carried out, on the basis of their normative consumption in terms of metabolic energy. All predicted indicators were obtained by following the trends that have occurred in these industries in recent years. It is set that keeping the same acreage of the total cultivated area, the proportion of the predicted area under perennial grasses in 2020 will meet scientifically-based standards (9,3%). Conclusion. The revival and development of the production of perennial grasses will allow sloving the complicated problem of how to improve the fertility of soils of the South of Ukraine, and enhance forage base for livestock. (more…)

4(82), 2015
УДК 657:658.27

I. Kischak
N. Korneva
A. Novikov

The article examines the components of the current situation of Ukrainian fishery industry, its place in the national economy in the sphere of food security. The attention is paid to the role of state regulation of the fishing industry, which provides the laws and regulations for its functioning in the market economy. State regulation in market conditions should be carried out through a system of tariffs, tax, securities, loans, grants, state guarantees to make effective use of fishery water bodies. From the point of view of Ukrainian fishing fleet development, the loss of its capacity in the period 1991 – 2014 was emphasized. The complexity of its recovery was projected. The research results suggest an insufficient consumption of fish and fish products by the population of the state in comparison with rational nutritional standards; filling the domestic market by imported products of dubious quality; the disappearance of a significant number of water bodies; necessity to improve the use of inland water resources. Rational use of inland waters should be based on the experience of the world’s advanced technologies of fish production and management industry. At the same time, it is necessary to develop ecological measures to improve the conditions of the inland waters. In order to ensure food security at the national level it is expected to increase fish production volumes in the priority areas of fisheries due to changes in patterns of interaction between state institutions and business organizations. It gives an opportunity to implement the following components: the governmental stimulation of the fish industry development; balance of economic, legal, technological and environmental criteria reference of fish keeping complex; synergy of science and practice: the subordination of research and development problems with practical principles and objectives of fish production.
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1(82), 2015
УДК 657:658.27

This article deals with the grounding of regulatory features of fixed assets accounting in the current economic conditions taking into consideration the main problems, basic tools and specific recommendations to solve them. The author proposed to carry out the calculation of the liquidation value only for fixed assets, having in its composition recyclable waste, which can become asset in future. It was suggested, in the order of accounting policies, to indicate and justify the methodology of calculation of the liquidation value of fixed assets. It is proposed to derive and calculate value and quantity of the materials’ return after the liquidation of fixed assets, and to determine them with the help of commission at the time of posting, considering the conditions of facilities’ future functioning without regard to the inflation index and expenses that can not be reliably determined. It was stressed that the legislation had approved the order of depreciation, which should include the reduction of restrictions on the use of accelerated depreciation, as well as permits to businesses to choose their own method of depreciation. It was proposed to develop a classifier with deep details of fixed assets, taking into account industry features, which allow controlling their quality and efficiency. The practical significance of the results is to develop recommendations and proposals to improve the procedure for fixed assets’ accounting, which are aimed at enriching the methodological practices and are of great importance for the enterprises’ management. (more…)

1(82), 2015
УДК 631.145(477)

Features of the large commodity farms and their impact on the agrarian market of Ukraine M.Pidhrebelna, B .Shuvar. Features of the large commodity farms and their impact on the agrarian market of Ukraine Over the last 10 years in Ukraine a large commodity agrarian production has become an important and in some ways leading form of agri-business in Ukraine. The appearance of the large commodity agrarian factories became the main competitive advantage of Ukrainian agro industrial complex, that allowed entering the international agrarian markets. There were operated about 60 agricultural holdings with land area of 10 hectares in 2010 in Ukraine that controlled about 4 million hectares of the farmland. In 2011 there were already about 75 such holdings, and the size of the leased lands ranged from 5 to 6 million hectares, or 14-16% of the total area of the farmland, that are owned and used by agricultural enterprises and citizens. Compared with 2013, the total holdings land bank reduced by 0.19 million hectares. Note that the share of land-use increased from 27.4% to 27.9% by excluding from the calculation of the agricultural land in Crimea. SWOT-analysis of agricultural holdings reveals the major strengths of their activities: attracting large and quality investment resources, an effective usage of investment, high yield capacity and quality of products, the ability to buy cheap and to sell expensive, and others. Among weak features there are underdeveloped stockbreedings, insecurity sufficient number of highly skilled workers. We think that the concentration of land in the hands of large agrarian producers is a direct threat to the further development of medium and small farmers. Hence, one of the areas of improvement of the large commodity agrarian enterprises should be strengthening their social orientation. To do this, the state should regulate antitrust laws under the terms of the prevailing market rent of agrarian land and strengthen its control over the activities of agricultural enterprises both large and smaller in size. (more…)

1(82), 2015
UNC 637.5:338.3

Muzyka B. B.

Marked and latent conflicts between its participating members have become the reason of long-term destructive crisis in meat products sub complex of Ukraine agro-industrial complex. Rational organizational and production relationships, balanced economic interests are absent between various areas of complex. Destruction of existing raw materials regions, domination of inorganic resource consuming techniques, fluctuating output indices movement of relevant products, the growth of consumer prices and meat products reduction by the public have become results of such disbalance.
Conclusions:
1) four contradictions can be distinguished, that, turning to conflict stage, complicate renewal of meat products sub complex of Ukraine agro industrial complex:
– conflict between agricultural commodity producers and processing enterprises as consequence of discriminating pricing policy of latters in relation to the formers;
– conflict between sellers and end-consumers of meat products because of increase in prices by formers and budget restrictions of others;
– shrinkage of food supply for manufacture of meat livestock products resulting from cross-industry uncompetitiveness of meat cattle husbandry;
– implementation of World Trade Organization and European Community law principles in Ukraine economic environment, which, inter alia, prohibit realization of slaughter for home-use animals meat on the food markets;
2) it is necessary to carry out series of management measures, which should be systemic for overcoming existing contradictions or reduction in conflicts generated by them, in particular:
– providing technical and financial assistance by Ukraine central administration and municipal authorities, Canadian and American projects for the development of cooperative movement in Ukraine: the organization of trading cooperatives and the development of slaughterhouses on the co-op;
– intensification of Ukraine Antimonopoly Committee work in the direction of cartel agreements prevention on the market of meat and meat products;
– reformation of State agrarian policy in the direction of revival of large agricultural production in the livestock sector. This requires that the using of limited budgetary resources was not only address, but also followed the logic of territorial specialization;
– renewal of government procurements practice for livestock products on the part of State Material Reserve Fund and Agrarian Fund;
– providing by central administration and municipal authorities technical advices, legal and information support to meat processing plants which revive practice of the formation of suburban raw materials regions on a long-term basis. (more…)

1(82), 2015
UNC 371.671:006

A. Manzhura

The article provided characteristics of cooperatives in the insurance sector of the national economy: insurance cooperatives and mutual insurance societies. It is established that by their economic nature insurance cooperatives are very close to friendly societies. The main differences between these organizational forms are not associated with the method of creation of insurance products, and the division or no division of capital into shares of these organizations, as well as the amount of rights of members of each organization to benefits other than insurance reimbursement.
The historical background and patterns of emergence of cooperatives in the insurance sector in European countries and Ukraine are summarized. The specific features of friendly societies are systematized: the activity is not related to a profit from insurance activities; insurers or clients are both insurers; insurers are co-owners and owners of all the assets and profits of the company; the only source of profit for the expansion of the insurance fund is an investment activity; high degree of stability with respect to economic fluctuations; activities based on the principle of solidarity; homogeneity of the participants: the similarity of business (if applicable), specific list of insurance services (for individuals and legal entities); Insurance is based on a contractual basis; change in premiums as a result of performance (profit or compensation to participants); proper use of the insurance fund and the distribution of losses among members. The critical assessment of the legal framework of their creation and its implementation are discussed. The benefits of mutual insurance societies are identified with their greater efficiency and greater reliability because insurers operating in their own interests; risk reduction, since insurance coverage is the original motive of the insurance company; providing a wide range of insurance services, which is formed according to the needs of society; shared ownership encourages each participant society to actively participate in the management of insurance company; Net fee for insurance services due to lack of administrative costs, advertising costs and finding new customers; guarantee the payment of insurance premiums in the event of insurance claims in the required (full) amount despite the fact that this amount of loss was not foreseen in the contract; the most complete account of the specific insurance needs of members as insurance terms developed and approved by them. The benefits of creating prerequisites of becoming a mutual insurance companies in Ukraine under current conditions and their transformation into powerful institutional investors are investigated.

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1(82), 2015
UNC 314.17

N.O.Shyshpanova, a graduate student
Mykolayiv State Agrarian University

The accelerating of the pace of administrative – territorial transformation of rural areas have led to the gradual destruction of the socio – economic condition of rural areas, which became the basis for the formation of negative processes exacerbation of the demographic crisis. This greatly influenced on the formation of the employment potential of rural areas as the demographic situation in the countryside is one of the major factors affecting on the reproduction of labor. The purpose of the article is to study the conceptual foundations of the playback of employment potential of rural areas and to identify the main reasons of the deterioration of the demographic situation in the Mykolaiv region as one of the important components of reproduction of labor resources. According to the title of the article, it describes the current trends of demographic development of rural areas of the Mykolaiv region. It is indicated that the main cause of demographic losses in the number of both rural and urban population, is the narrowing natural reproduction, which is characterized by a negative trend that is progressing. The author of the scientific article substantiated the impact of major demographic factors on the formation of labor potential, and determined that the reasons of the low birth rate and high mortality in the region is primarily low income, lack of adequate state support for young families, the age structure of the population, a high level of morbidity and poor health care. The author argues that one of the important factors of dynamic changes in fertility, is undoubtedly dynamics marriage and divorce. Attention is drawn to the fact that the progressive decrease of the rural population leads to a decline in rural areas, losses and closure of social services and, eventually, to the mass exodus of peasants reproductive age. In this article the author on the basis of the research, gave recommendations to adopt the necessary decisions to ensure the human resources area. It is noted that the problem of reproduction of labor potential of rural areas need to be addressed through economic support human reproduction in conjunction with the observance of sustainable rural development, the improvement of rural population. (more…)