Number, year
2(84), Vol. 2 2015
UNC 001.895:378.147:636.4:631.2

V. Shebanin
A. Novikov
V. Topіha
V. Lihach

Modern state of the economy requires the creation of a new system of innovative development of the agricultural sector “agricultural education-agricultural science-agricultural production” and deepening cooperation between the central and local executive authorities in addressing issues of functioning and development of agricultural education and science. Today there is the problem of training of highly-qualified workers and specialists with higher education and the implementation of domestic scientific development in agriculture. The functioning of the agrarian education and science does not fully conform to the social and economic needs of society, the level of development of production and food security.

One way to solve this problem, in terms of a one higher education institution, is the creation of “Educational-scientific-production pig complex of Mykolayiv national agrarian University” located on the territory of the Komsomolska village council of Mykolayiv region.

The purpose of the article – present the structure of pig complex and reasonable usefulness of its organization and construction for implementing the concept of “agricultural education-agricultural science-agricultural production”.

The aim of the project is the creation of the center of pig production based on the latest national and international developments in the technology of reference of the pig industry, able to ensure the implementation of the three components: training (to consolidate the theoretical knowledge of students, the acquisition of practical skills of performing the various processes and operations, training of technology experts of production of livestock products, providing advisory services); scientific (base for research in the fields of breeding and selection of animals, the technology of production of animal production, genetics, testing the latest technologies and development of recommendations for the production); production (providing the population of the Mykolayiv region and other regions with high quality and environmentally friendly pork of own production; production of high-quality breeding resources for farms of the region and country).

The presented project will be implemented through the use of modern specialized breeds and types of pigs meat productivity in the background of balanced feeding rations of own production. Full mechanization and automation of production processes will allow to minimize the impact of human factors on the result of production and to optimize the structure of production costs.

Given the need for highly qualified personnel in special animal science and production technology and processing of livestock products in the southern region of Ukraine, and the lack of similar educational-scientific-industrial pig farms, it’s time to organize complex on the basis of the Mykolayiv NAU for the draft, which will give the opportunity to improve the effectiveness of training specialist-farmers in the framework of the innovative development of the agricultural sector. (more…)

2(84), vol 2 2015
UNC 636.4.082

Е. Piskun, N. Bakun

Livestock – a special branch of agriculture, which significantly affects the economic potential of the agricultural sector of the country, to all spheres of social production.
In the process of reforming agriculture livestock-breeding complex of Ukraine has undergone, unfortunately, negative changes. Mass reduction of the livestock, loss of productivity, loss of production and degradation of quality of products pose a threat to national food security, reduced export potential of the country and the deteriorating social situation in the countryside. Despite the unique properties of the field and a leading position in the structure of agricultural sector is important comprehensive study of livestock development, creation of favorable investment conditions and prevent loss of production. The purpose of this article – to provide information about the status of livestock breeding farms in the Mykolaiv region and to presents possible ways of perspective development of livestock-breeding complex of Mykolayiv region.  In the livestock industry in the past year, the majority (over 70%) of products produced by the personal peasant farms. For the first time in the last 5 years the sales of meat in the region exceeded 50 thousand tons, thus resulting in a positive balance of meat production – cultivation exceeded the implementation by 10.7%. It is noted that in the Mykolaiv region for 2014 produced 57.7 thousand tons of meat, 500 million eggs, 122 tonnes of wool, that over 2013 respectively by 16.3%; 66,9% and 22.8%, milk production amounted to 369,3 thousand tons (2013). The main ways of development of the livestock industries are primarily with the development of dairy cattle breeding and pig breeding in large-scale farms. With the development of largescale production in the area is planned to create a procurement and service cooperatives and family farms (mainly dairy) on the bases of private households.

Keywords
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2(84), том 2 2015
UNC 636.082

Автор
V.Rybalko.

In the article it is noticed the significance of products of animal origin for human nutrition, modern state and perspectives of pork production in Ukraine and beyond the borders of the country. In spite of the fact that pork because of religious and other reasons is not consumed by dozens of nations and even some regions of the globe. In total meat production on its share it is consisted 110 mill/ton, that is 36.3%, while on meat of poultry it is consisted of 34.5%, on beef – 22.6%, on mutton – 4.5% and other kinds of meat -2.1%.

The especial attention was directed to the significance of a quality of produced pork and management of this process. It is given information about pig fat and its digestion and calorific capacity. It was shortly notified that intensive selection on increasing the output of Lenten meat which is performed without control of its quality and it can lead to receive the pale watery exsudate meat (defect PSE) or the dark dense dry meat (defect DFD).

It is described the influence on pork quality of genotype of animals and the level of selective pedigree work in the herd, the quality of feed-stuffs and the technology of their feeding and also condition of environment. It has been determined suitable measures for the development of pig breeding and ensuring the competitive ability of domestic pork. At the consummation of text it is emphasized that at average daily gains, within the confines of 600-800g and using full-blooded diets, on the base of good-quality feed-stuffs, pork will be always high-quality, profitable and desirable both internal and external markets.

Keywords:

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2(84), vol. 2 2015
UNC 636.4.082

S. Gnatyuk.

Increasing the efficiency of enterprises for the production of pork is one of the important tasks of development of agrarian sector of economy of Ukraine. Therefore, further development and functioning of enterprises for the production of pork requires a complex of measures aimed at improving its effectiveness.  The main task of “Tvarinprom” – to protect the interests of producers of pork, contribute propagation in pig production of advanced technologies, effective methods of breeding and reproduction of pigs, analyze the work of the industry according to the forms established statistical reporting and taking a number of organizational measures to improve the efficiency of management by conducting meetings, meetings of managers and specialists, seminars, conferences, round tables, exhibitions, consultation, monitoring, etc.. The aim of the research was to present the results of the farms pork production, which are included in the Ukrainian corporation for meat production on an industrial basis ” Tvarinprom”. It is noted that the past year for most businesses the corporation was very difficult, but productive. Work continued on the reconstruction of farms and complexes, more effective use of production capacity, the technology was improved for keeping and feeding pigs, rationally feeding, breeding stock, improved work on the reproduction of livestock, prevention of animal diseases. The farms of the corporation for many years taken a deserved place in pork production. Their share in the total agricultural enterprises if significant. For the number of corporation livestock farms occupy 23,1%, produced pork in live weight – 26.4%, ale of pigs for slaughter meat processing enterprises – 27.6% of all agricultural enterprises Ukraine. All activities of the company “Tvarinprom” pointing to the increase in the number of pigs and pork production volumes.

Keywords
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2(84), vol 2 2015
UNC 631.1:636(477.73)

Voytenko S.L.
Gorobez V.A.

The article presents the results of the evaluation of foreign origin pigs age achieve live weight of 100 kg during the feeding and breeding. Given the different levels of feeding and experimental animal origin not shown the same growth rate. Feeding animals at rates that occurred during the growing hybrid young, led to the extension of the age of the animals achieve live weight of 100 kg and changing signs, depending on origin. When feeding guinea pigs age achieve live weight of 100 kg within -200.2 -179.6 days, and during the growing 209.0 – 223.9 days. This pig genotype 1/4 (Large White +Duroc) +2/4 p’yetren age had the lowest achieving a live weight of 100 kg for the two methods of evaluation. The most connectivity for not feeding should be considered interbreed selection sows ½ (large white + Landrace) with Duroc boars of English origin due to age achieve the longest animal live weight of 100 kg. The most slowly when rising growing pigs in the control group that inherited genetic potential of large white breed. Coefficients of correlation between the age of achieving a live weight of 100 kg during the feeding and growing varied from -0.205 to 0.559 with no clear pattern depending on parental foundations of experimental animals. As a result, concluded not to assess boars-sires only on their own performance hybrid young. For greater objectivity better use averages of two evaluation methods descendants, or focus on evaluating hybrid calves for fattening grounds.

Keywords:
swine, age achieve live weight of 100 kg, growing, fattening, correlation between trait, score boars.
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2(84), vol 2 2015
UNC 636.4.082

М. Berezovsky, doctor of agricultural sciences
О. Narygna, graduate student
О. Narygna, graduate student
The Institute of pig breeding and agricultural production NAAS

The results of studies of the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of muscle and adipose tissues of pigs, obtained by combination of sows of large white breed with terminal and purebred boars of different genotypes. According to the research results, the pH level of all meat samples ranging from 5,67 to 5,98 pH, which corresponding to normal. The highest acidity was recorded in the combination of large white x Maxter 16 – 5,98 pH units, which is 5.5% higher compared with the control.
Indicator tenderness of the meat of experimental animals indicates the effort that must be made to cut up the meat sample. The more tender the meat, the less time is required for its cutting (in seconds). In the obtained data the softer meat was combinations of large white x Landrace, large white x Maxter 16 and large white x Maxter 304, where the rates ranged from to 8.71 to 8.85 sec. The largest cutting length of the muscle fibers was in the combination of large white x Landrace x Duroc x Hampshire).
The highest water-holding capacity was observed in animals of a combination of large white x pietrain – 63,06%, the lowest – large white x Landrace x Duroc x Hampshire) – 56,29. High water-holding capacity were recorded as combinations of large white x Maxter 16 and large white x Maxter 304 – 61,19 and 61,05 respectively.
According to the chemical composition of the meat found that lowest intramuscular fat of animals of differed combination of large white x Maxter 304 – 1.37 and Landrace x large white – 1,46, whereas in the group of large white x Maxter 16 this figure was amounted to 3.06. The biological value of fat pigs are primarily determined by the content of unsaturated fatty acids. The highest melting point of fat in the samples of combinations of large white x Landrace and large white x Maxter 16, which represents that the increase of mass of saturated fatty acids and suitability of lard for long-term storage. Thus, it is established that the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of muscle and adipose tissues of pigs were at the level of normative indicators and meet the requirements of high quality products.

Keywords:
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Номер, рік
2(84), том 2 2015
УДК 636.4.082

L. Grishina,
О. Fesenko

In global pig production hybridization is one of the main methods of increasing the performance of commercial pigs. In Ukraine, for several decades, widespread industrial crossing of different breeds of pigs; only in recent years, when began an intensive importation of pigs foreign selection and use of foreign technologies proven to significantly improve slaughter and meat quality of commercial piglets can also through the use of a cross as parental forms of specialized meat breeds, lines and types of pigs that selected on combining ability. However, till remain problematic issues of effective use of new factory structures in various combinations to obtain the heterosis effect. The aim of our research is to determine the combining ability of pigs factory type when crossbreeding and hybridization, the study of meat quality and physico-chemical properties of muscle tissue of crossbred and hybrid pigs. Materials and methods research. Studies were conducted in an industrial complex PJSC “Bakhmut Agrarian Union” Artemovsky district, Donetsk region. The use of factory type in the schemes of crossbreeding and hybridization in industrial pig farming makes it possible to significantly increase the meatiness and to reduce the content of fat in carcasses. Proven efficiency in the use of maternal form LWxL when combined with boars of pietrain breed and DxP, which is confirmed by the calculation of specific combining ability. The study of physico-chemical parameters of meat of crossbred and hybrid pigs revealed the advantage of hybrid animals on individual quality indicators. In fact, despite the differences, meat and crossbred hybrid pigs characterized by good quality indicators.

Keywords:
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УДК 636.4.082

V. Topiha
V. Lykhach
S. Lugovoy
P. Shebanin

The creation of meat balance in the country is primarily dependent on the increase in the production of all kinds of meat, including pork, which in beef balance should occupy more than 35%. Therefore, to increase pork production, improving quality and output of the pig industry on a global level, the maximum potential use pigs for human needs, it is necessary to efficiently use tribal resources of pigs in Ukraine and in the world, enhance forage and implement cutting-edge technologies and scientific achievements. Currently breeding in the pig industry of Ukraine is characterized by the trend of imports of farm animals beef cattle productivity of foreign origin. Proven a number of studies that our local genotypes in creating optimal conditions of feeding and maintenance, performance is not inferior to foreign ones, and in terms of sustainability, adaptation to the conditions of feeding and maintenance, typical of most farms, as well as the quality of the products is significantly higher. This necessitates a more thorough study of the productive qualities of domestic pigs genotypes and development of their breeding programs. In Ukraine the third largest population is Ukrainian meat breed, but the number of sows and boars of this breed for the period from 1993 to 2013 decreased by 45.8 and 62.3%, respectively. Therefore, significant has been the preservation, dissemination and improvement of the aforementioned pig genotype. Given the relevance of the use of swine meat genotypes to increase pork production was supplied for the purpose, in the article, to provide an analysis of breeding work with pigs breeds Ukrainian meat (Askania type) and large white foreign selection. The study was conducted in the conditions of breeding plant breeding pigs Askania type of Ukrainian meat breed and pedigree reproducer breeding pigs of large white breed a Limited liability company (LLC) “Tavriyski svyni” Skadovsk district, Kherson region. Determined that today the industry in the economy presents a plant with breeding pigs Askania type of Ukrainian meat breed – a 125 main sows and breeding facility for the breeding of pigs of large white breed – 93 major sows. The introduction of modern technology has given the opportunity to get quite good results productivity of animals. It is established that in the breeding factory LLC “Tavriyski svyni” are bred and grown such breeds of pigs which are unsurpassed reproducible, fattening and meat qualities in terms of the South of Ukraine. Found that the industry in agriculture has become profitable and competitive among the farms of the region and the country. Every year, it is grown and available for the implementation of 600 head of young pigs Ukrainian meat breed and 400 head of young pigs of large white breed, which is 90% meets the requirements of class elite. The farm has the possibility of implementing two-breed pigs such combinations: Ukrainian meat × Landrace and large white × Landrace.

Keywords:
technology, pigs, breed, productive, quality appraisal.

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UNC 636.4.083:636.033

A. Petrushko
D. Hodosovsky
I. Rudakovskaya
А. Khochenkov
A. Shatskaya
V. Bezmen
V. Bezzubov
O. Slinko.

Currently in pig production widely used hybridization with the use of specialized meat breeds of domestic and foreign selections. However, the use of hybrid animals, characterized by early maturity and high meat quality, along with the positive results provide a number of negative consequences. The emerging desire of manufacturers to obtain lean meats through the reduction of live weight of pigs for slaughter at an average of 100 kg, the use of enzyme additives that increase the growth rate of animals is not always justified. Muscle and fat tissue in the body of pigs do not have time to reach their full biological maturation, when stabilize the content of intramuscular fat, dry matter, macro – and micronutrients and fatty acids that need to be considered for for the control of meat quality indicators [1,4,5]. However, as practice shows, there is a need to further improve the technology of production of pork by examining the influence of different conditions of pigs for fattening and meat-fat quality. The purpose of research – to study the effect of different conditions of pigs for fattening and meat-fat quality. Research conducted on the pig farm SE “Farm-factory Zarya” Mozyr district, Gomel region, with a production capacity is 54 thousand pigs per year. The material for the research served as a feeding young pigs (fattening – 120 days), the object – premises for their content. It is established that the system of keeping animals on deep litter allows you to improve the quality indicators of pork. The meat of pigs that are fed on deep litter has high quality characteristics. In the longest back muscle of pigs of the experimental group contains more intramuscular fat by 0.3%, it has high water-holding capacity by 1.5%, higher color intensity by 0.4 units extinction or 0.5%, higher value of pH after 24 and 48 h after slaughter by 1.8%, and the best taste of roasted meat by 7% and broth by 2.3% when tasting.

Ключевые слова
свиньи, молодняк, убойные показатели, технология содержания, продуктивные качества. (more…)