Ya. Belov. Directions for optimizing the cultivation of corn seeds in a changing climate

web-mnau

УДК 631.6:631.82:631.03

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-4(100)-11

Ya. Belov

Zea Maize belongs to the main crops of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine due to the valuable properties of grain and leafy mass, universal use for livestock, poultry, as well as industrial processing, including alternative fuels. The rapid spread of simple hybrids is hampered by the low productivity of parental forms in hybridization areas and the high cost of seed production. Therefore, today the issues of growing seeds of parental forms, which require the refinement of a complex of agrotechnological measures in growing in the dry conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, remain pressing issues.

Studies conducted in Ukraine and abroad have shown that the seed yield of self-pollinated corn lines is one of the main indicators of the efficiency of the use of breeding material, which directly affects the economic and energy indicators of production as parental forms, and in the future – the hybrid. The intensity of the production process in maize hybridization areas can vary significantly depending on the influence of various environmental factors during the growing season, in the first place – moisture content of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity of air, availability of available nutrients in the soil, etc.

Parent forms of corn require individually determined elements of cultivation technology at hybridization sites, depending on the genetic potential of plants, peculiarities of soil-climatic conditions of growing under conditions of climate change associated with temperature rise, violation of the uniformity of rainfall, reduction of periods with optimal weather conditions, etc. Therefore, there is a need to conduct field experiments with maize in the south of Ukraine for the purpose of developing varietal agrotechnics and ensuring high and economically justified yields of hybrid seeds for the rational use of irrigation water, mineral fertilizers, energy and labor resources, preservation of soil fertility, reduction environmental pressure on the agroecosystem.

Key words: maize, seeds, varietal agrotechnology, productivity, plant density, fertilizers.

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