Kovalenko А., Bushilov V. Economic efficiency of cultivation of pumiselect clone root in commodity nursery

UDC 631.541.1.003.13

 

Kovalenko А.

Bushilov V.

 

Increasing the production of legumes, to a large extent, is based both on increasing the area they occupy and on a significant increase in yield, which is more rational and efficient.
According to horticultural experts, a promising rootstock for seed crops may be the dwarf clonal rootstock Pumiselect, which at the previous stage of varietal study was quite attractive for growing seedlings of apricot, peach and plum.
The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of methods of growing seedlings of legumes on clonal and vegetative rootstocks, improving the basic elements of their reproduction, as well as determining the main direction of their production taking into account the region and economic efficiency of clone rootstock Pumiselect for legumes of the Plum family by cuttings (vertical, horizontal) and cuttings (woody).
To find promising ways to propagate the clone rootstock Pumiselect in the southern region of Ukraine, experiments were conducted in the experimental field of LLC “Pidgurievske” Mykolaiv region. The classic technology of growing clonal rootstocks for fruit crops is represented by vertical and horizontal cuttings. The quality of rootstocks and their number obtained by the method of vertical cuttings is lower than by the method of horizontal cuttings, but they can be obtained annually, while horizontal cuttings ─ in a year. Therefore, in commodity nurseries most often use the vertical method of propagation of rootstocks, to a lesser extent ─ horizontal.
A significant proportion of clonal rootstocks remains in nurseries for seedling production. A number of small horticultural farms grow grafted seedlings, while not growing rootstocks, and purchase them in specialized enterprises.
Taking into account the different biometric indicators of planting material used during the establishment of the uterine-cutting garden, despite the quality and timely implementation of agricultural measures throughout the life cycle of plantations, the plant array remains quite colorful. The number of shoots, their length, even neighboring plants, can vary significantly. Even if the total length of growth of several plants is the same, the structure of the shoots from which the cuttings are harvested may be different. Of great importance are indicators such as the number of shoots and their average length. These circumstances ultimately affect the productivity of plantations, determine the feasibility of their operation.
The prospect of implementing the technology of propagation of rootstock pumiselect in commercial nurseries with woody cuttings is preceded by its comparison with the existing technology of propagation by reverse cuttings. Most often in the nursery calculations are per unit of output, which is convenient to operate.
The expediency of growing clone rootstocks with woody cuttings is determined by a number of organizational and economic indicators in comparison with similar indicators when growing them by traditional technology. Given that the method of propagation of rootstocks by woody cuttings has a significant specificity, the components of material and monetary costs associated with cultivation are also quite specific.
According to the complex indicators of the efficiency of clonal rootstock production, Pumiselect has the advantage of the method of their propagation by woody cuttings in comparison with the propagation by cuttings. In addition, the experiment revealed an increase in yield and improved quality of shoots harvested from the cutting plant. Drawing an analogy with the propagation of berry crops by cuttings, we came to the conclusion that it is advisable to lay the plantings more dense, drip irrigation. Also for grafting it is necessary to use physiologically active substances, mulching, optimization of soil-air regime and moistening in the rootstock during the entire growing season.

Keywords: clone stock, breeding method, economic efficiency, profitability, profitability.

 

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