UDC 633.63-026.53

M. Tyrus

Abstract.  It was established that in the conditions of the Western forest-steppe Ukraine the methods of basic tillage did not have a significant effect on the growth of the mass of sugar beet plant, the difference in average weight of root crops between treatments at harvest time was only 1.4 – 2%.  Application of mineral fertilizer in the norm N300P225K350 provided the largest mass of the plant at the time of harvesting, the weight of the root crop was 827 – 839 g, the weight of the hook – 331 – 338 g, depending on the method of basic soil cultivation.

Key words: sugar beets, shallow  uncultivated tillage, plowing, levels of fertilization, root crop, joint.

Annotation.Tillage of soil and fertilization level are important in the system of agrotechnical measures that increase the soil fertility and the productivity of sugar beets. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a lot of expenses. Therefore, the question of the tillage of soil under sugar beets is relevant due to the little study of the possibility of applying of shallow soil tillage to this crop at high levels of fertilization in different soil and climatic zones.

The studies, in which the influence of methods of basic soil tillage and fertilization levels on the dynamics of growth and development of sugar beets was studied, were conducted under western Forest-Steppe of Lviv region conditions on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils. In particular, the influence of deep fall plowing on 28 – 30 cm (control) and shallow uncultivated tillage on a depth of 14 –16 cm was studied, under the following backgrounds of mineral fertilization: the version without fertilization (control); N₁₈₀P₁₃₅K₂₁₀; N₂₄₀P₁₈₀K₂₈₀; N₃₀₀P₂₂₅K₃₅₀.

On the basis of the conducted researches, it was established that the methods of basic tillage of soil did not have a significant effect on the mass increase of the sugar beets, and the difference in the average mass of the root crops between tillage at the time of harvesting amounted for only 1.4 –2%. Application of mineral fertilizers contributed to the increase of the mass of joints and root crops, enlarged the duration of the assimilation surface of the leaves functioning, which provides a high yielding capacity of sugar beets. In particular, the norm of mineral fertilizer N₃₀₀P₂₂₅K₃₅₀ provided the largest mass of root crops: on July 15 – 268 to 290 g, on August 15 – 561 to 575 g, on September 15 – 762 to 772 g, and at harvest time – 827 to 839 g, and joints respectively: 354 – 394 g, 398 – 414 g, 343 – 356 g, 331 – 338 g.

Conducted correlation and regression analysis of the obtained research results showed that a direct strong link between the weight of the root crop and the levels of fertilization, the weight of joint and the levels of fertilization is in both versions of the soil tillage for all the dates of accounting.