Grain quality of winter wheat varieties depending on the factors and conditions of the year of cultivation in the south of Ukrainian Steppe

UDC 644.71.633.11(477.7)

V. Gamayunova,
A. Litovchenko,
T. Hlushko,
O. Sdyakina

The article presents the results of studies carried out for four years with winter wheat varieties Albatross Odessa (st), Kuyalnik, Victoria Odesskaya, Selyanka and Ermak on chernozem southern in the Steppe of Ukraine. The years of research were similar and typical for the temperature regime, but were significantly different in the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat plants.
Basic indexes over of quality of grain of winter wheat and as they depend and change under influence of predecessor, background of feed, of high quality features and weather terms, folded during the vegetation of culture. It is certain that maintenance of gluten, albumen, mass 1000 grains etc. regardless of year of growing formed most optimal for growing after black steam. All indicated indexes substantially increase and get better under influence of bringing of mineral fertilizers id est on optimization of feed of plants. It is set that quality of grain depends and from weather terms being during the vegetation of plants of winter wheat, and from biological features.
According to the results of the research, the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine, according to the soil-climatic characteristics, is suitable for growing winter wheat varieties with high grain quality indices. The grain content of the studied wheat varieties of winter wheat and gluten significantly increases and improves after growing the crop after a black couple, and especially for optimizing plant nutrition. It was established that the introduction of mineral fertilizers, and especially nitrogen, ensures the receipt of high-quality grain and the placement of wheat after corn for silage and starch precursor. It is also determined that the main indicators of grain quality, such as protein content, gluten and gluten quality, are significantly higher in dry and dry years, and are characterized by less favorable indicators for excessive moisture and, especially during the period of grain pouring.
Similarly, under the influence of the predecessor, the background of nutrition and the conditions of the growing season, the following indicators of grain quality, such as the weight of 1000 seeds, and the actual weight of grain, change.

Keyword: winter wheat, varieties, grain quality, gluten and protein content, precursor, food background.

Grain quality of winter wheat varieties depending on the factors and conditions of the year of cultivation in the south of Ukrainian Steppe.

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Issue 3 (95), 2017

Formation of productivity of spring wheat under the influence of modern growth regulating substances in the South of Ukraine

UDC 633.11:631.811.98 (477.7)

V. Dvoretskyi, T. Hlushko

In this article are shown the results of researches on the subject of efficiency in sowing treatment of spring wheat and triticale by modern growth regulating substances in the conditions of the Ukrainian south steppe on the south black soil. It has been experimentally proved that before planting application of these substances in a low dose of mineral nutritions – N30Р30 practically provides the productivity of grain at the same level as well as using of the nitrogen nutrition in doses N30. This information confirms that modern growth regulating substances are able to optimize the power of spring crops and it is advisable to use them as an element of energy-saving technologies of grain-crops growing in the steppe of Ukraine. It was established that formation of the grain-growing productivity of spring crops significantly grows in the condition of providing moisture to the plants due to rainfalls in a vegetation period.
It was established that spring wheat and triticale, significantly increase the grain-growing productivity by applying mineral nutrition. So, using N30Р30+ N30 on the stage of appearing a tube in spring wheat average for two years are formed 3,07 t / ha, while without fertilizer 1,57 t / ha and triticale is 3,47 and 2,07 t / ha. Proper treatment of investigated crops is provided by modern growth regulating substances escort and D2. Researches have established a high efficiency of their application in early exit tube plants, and double treatment of crops by substances provides the same level of grain yield, as their nutrition by nitrogen at a dose N30.
It is determined that in a southern steppe of Ukraine the level of productivity of agricultural crops, including spring crops, which are largely determined by the amount of rainfall during the growing season. By optimizing conditions of plants nutrition their productivity significantly increases regardless of weather and climate conditions.

Key words: spring wheat, yield, grain quality, plant nutrition, growth regulating growth regulating preparations, treatment of seeds, fertilizers payback.

Formation of productivity of spring wheat under the influence of modern growth regulating substances in the South of Ukraine

Issue 3(91), 2016