Karatieieva E., Lesik I. Assessment of the exterior of the main measurements of the physique of heifers depending on their origin

UDC636.2.034.061.082

 

Karatieieva E.

Lesik I.

 

Productive and breeding qualities of animals are determined by their exterior-constitutional type. Only well-developed, healthy animals are capable of high performance and long-term use. In the breeding practice of dairy cattle breeding, considerable attention is paid to the assessment and selection of animals according to the external forms and proportions of the physique. After all, the structure of the animal’s body first of all makes it possible to have an idea of the expression of pedigree traits and the level of milk productivity, the state of health of the animal.

It has been established that crossbreeding of domestic breeds with bulls of Holstein, Red Danish and other breeds and an increase in conditional blood level for these breeds improves the exterior of cows towards a greater expression of the milky type of body structure, increases individual height and latitude measurements, body indices, total animal size, development, proportionality, strength.

In order to objectively characterize the constitution of animals in cattle, it is necessary, first of all, to have quantitative indicators of its assessment, what are the measurements of the exterior, the type of structure of the animal’s body. Therefore, most research scientists note that the exterior of cows is largely determined by genetic factors: belonging to the breed, type, line, family, origin with the father and is formed in the process of ontogenetic development under the influence of environmental factors. And the exterior parameters of cows should be taken into account, first of all, in the formation of the pedigree core, the group of cows for the reproduction of bulls, the selection of cows for milking.

A number of foreign scientists have proved that the dairy industry is faced with the unique task of constantly improving the functionality of dairy cows to meet the needs of future production and reproduction. The basis of the heritage is the selection of the best animals according to the indicators of the exterior and structure of the animal’s body. As a rule, constitutional features are important in improving dairy cattle. Functional signs that influence or contribute to longevity and high productivity of dairy cows are the good development of the udder, the degree of development and the correct setting of the limbs, measurements of the chest and abdominal parts of the body, croup and lower back. The relationship between these breeding traits with indicators of milk production and reproduction may be different for different breeds. And it may matter for the use of these traits in various dairy cattle breeding programs.

Taking into account the above results of research by various authors, the aim of our research was to study the influence of individual genetic factors, namely, conditional blood count according to Angler and Red Danish breeds, on the exterior of red steppe calf heifers at different age periods.

Given the importance of the type of body structure of animals, both from the side of selection and technological purpose, we carried out a comparative analysis of the main linear measurements of the physique of cattle of the red steppe breed and their crosses with 1/4 of the blood level according to Angler and red Danish cattle. Thus, studies of the exterior of heifers of different pedigree combinations confirm that an increase in conditional blood count by the Red Danish and Angler breeds helps to improve the indicators of the exterior of the heifers towards a greater expression of the milky type of body structure, increase individual height and latitude measurements, the overall size and proportionality of the body structure of animals. And the obtained results give grounds to assert that local heifers with 1/4 blood level in red Danish cattle significantly differ in the degree of development of linear measurements of the body structure from peers of the purebred and local group 3 / 4ES × 1/4 Ang.

Key words: exterior, body measurements, productive longevity, Angler breed, Danish red breed, conditional blood.

 

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Прогнозування молочної продуктивності худоби за різних типів формування організму

Номер, том, частина, рік
4(76), 2, 2, 2013

УДК
636.2.034.082

Автор
О.І. Каратєєва, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук
Миколаївський національний аграрний університет, Україна

Анотація
У роботі висвітлено результати прогнозування і моделювання лактаційних кривих худоби молочного напряму продуктивності за різних типів інтенсивності формування організму на основі моделі Т. Бріджеса. Дана модель завдяки отриманим показникам співвідносної мінливості дає змогу досить чітко і точно змоделювати тип лактаційної кривої, її динаміку.

Ключові слова
лактаційна крива, інтенсивність формування організму, генетико-математичні моделі, модель Т. Бріджеса
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