UDC 631.53.01.003.13(477.7)

 

O. Novikov

N. Potryvaieva

N.Sharata

M. Korkhova

A. Chernova

M. Karpenko

Mykolaiv National Agrarian University

 

The article highlights the project of seed production in the main area of grain production – the southern region, improving the agricultural education system, in particular in the training of specialists in “Seed Production”, which consists of research and development and their direction to create and implement new competitive technologies for seed production, grain crops and the introduction of the most effective innovative methods of teaching disciplines “Breeding and Seed Production”, “Seed Science” on the basis of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (MNAU).

The authors analyze the need to create and operate a Center for the production of basic and certified seeds of new varieties of basic cereals in natural and artificial moisture in southern Ukraine with the participation of research institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, industrial enterprises of Ukraine, members of Consortium (TRPC) “Southern”, the Southern Interregional Research Center of NAAS and providing quality seeds to agricultural producers. Such integration of science, education and production will help improve the quality of education in the training of specialists in “Seed Production” in “Agronomy”, provide producers with high quality seeds of new varieties recommended for distribution in the Southern region and provide them with scientific and practical recommendations on new seed technologies. To implement the MNAU project, stable conditions have been created for growing cereal seeds and a scientific base for studying the adaptive characteristics of promising varieties for irrigated lands, 400 hectares of modern irrigation using the latest Zimmatic sprinklers. Since 2014, more than 200 varieties of grain crops of all breeding centers of Ukraine and foreign originators have been tested, the results of which can be found annually at the International and All-Ukrainian Field Days and in the Variety Catalog. Preparatory work on the purchase and commissioning of a mobile universal cleaning machine SSC 60/10 based on Petcus P-12 for pre-sowing preparation of cereal seeds.

It is determined that tax revenues to the budget for the years of project implementation with a total value of 12668.7 thousand UAH. will amount to UAH 3,958.5 thousand. UAH, return on investment 144.32%, and the payback period is 2.6 years. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of world developments and own research on the analysis of seed production in the southern region, establishing the impact of varietal characteristics under irrigation on grain productivity and yield of conditioned seeds of winter wheat, winter barley and spring barley in recent years, taking into account weather and climatic conditions identify correlations between the main factors and build economic and mathematical models, identify the most potentially high-yielding and adapted to arid conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine varieties, develop seed production technology for each studied variety that will ensure high competitiveness and food security of Ukraine in the international market.

Keywords: seed production, grain crops, varieties, irrigation, economic efficiency, project

 

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UDC 631.674:005.52

 

V. Shebanin

O. Novikov

M.Karpenko

 

The article substantiates the feasibility of introducing lands irrigation for winter wheat cultivation in agricultural enterprises of Southern Ukraine under the current conditions. As a result of the calculations of capital investments, their payback period and tax revenuesto the budget, it is proved that the organization of modern lands irrigation is a profitable and cost-effective way of mechanized irrigation, and it allows to use more rationally water and land resources in agriculture.
Thus, all the researchers have the same opinion that the yield under the use of irrigated technologies is increased by 2-3 times, even in those regions where natural moisture provides a sufficient level of crop yields, with capital investments from 1400 to 3000 dollars per 1 ha, but the choice of sprinkler or drip irrigation should be based on economic feasibility. The issue of economic efficiency of using modern sprinklers is not fully disclosed by Ukrainian scientists, so it needs further study.
Sprinklers of American production Lindsay Zimmatic were introduced for the first time in 2016 by MNAU in the Southern Ukraine. According to research and practical experience, the applied irrigation system increased irrigation efficiency, promoted productivity growth (winter wheat yield increased in 2019 by 47.58 centners / ha and according to forecasts in 2020 – by 51.52 centners / ha), reduced energy consumption and labor costs. The introduction of sprinkler irrigation has allowed to develop scientifically-grounded technologies of growing modern domestic and foreign varieties and hybrids of grain and technical crops.
Based on the obtained data during 2018-2019 years and the forecast for 2020, it was calculated the economic efficiency of sprinkler irrigation. For three years of  irrigation introduction the additional profit in the amount of 5336,0 thousand UAH from the area of 124 hectares with capital investments about 4610,0 thousand UAH will be received, return on investment in sprinkler irrigation will take 3 years.
During 2018-2020 years due to the introduction of the irrigation system by the university, it will achieve an additional increase in budget revenues by 782.86 thousand UAH and obtain budget efficiency on the level 19.05%.

Keywords: irrigation, economic efficiency, winter wheat, Southern Ukraine, university.

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