Lykhochvor V., Andrushko M. Pea productivity depending on variety and sowing rate

UDC 633.35+631.526.3+631.53.048

 

Lykhochvor V.

Andrushko M.

 

During 2017-2019, three varieties of pea Madonna, Gotovsky and Otaman were studied on dark grey podzolized light loamy soil in conditions of sufficient moistering of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine with six sowing rates 0.9; 1.0; 1.1; 1,2; 1.3; 1.4 million / ha. It is established that the highest grain yield is formed by the Madonna variety – 6.38 t / ha. In the Gotovsky variety it was 6.13 t / ha, which is 0.25 t / ha less. The lowest yield was obtained by the Otaman variety – 5.94 t / ha, which is less than the variety Madonna by 0.44 t / ha and compared with the Gotivsky variety by 0.19 t / ha.
It is studied that the best hydrothermal conditions for the formation of grain yield of all varieties of peas occurred in 2017. The yield of the Madonna variety was 6.87 t / ha. In 2018, the yield decreased to 6.25 t / ha, or 0.62 t / ha, and in 2019 it was the lowest – 6.00 t / ha, which is lower by 0.87 t / ha compared to 2017. . Similar changes in the yield of pea grains were observed in other varieties.
It was found that the optimal sowing rates were different for the studied varieties. Thus, if the Madonna variety had the optimum sowing rate of 1.0 and 1.1 million / ha, then the Gotovsky variety had the highest productivity at a slightly higher sowing rate of 1.2 million / ha. As to the Otaman pea variety, the optimum sowing rate is wider, similar to the Madonna variety. But if the highest productivity of the variety Madonna was formed by sowing rates of 1.0 and 1.1 million / ha, then as to the Otaman variety – by sowing rates of 1.1 and 1.2 million / ha. The increasing and decreasing of the sowing rate led to the decrease of grain yield of this pea variety.
The lowest protein content was in the Otaman variety – 22.4%. In the Gotovsky variety, it was higher, accounting for 23.9%. The highest protein content was characterized by the Madonna variety – 24.5%.
The highest profit of 1 ha was obtained from the cultivation of the Madonna variety – UAH 20883, the varieties Gotovsky and Otaman were less profitable. The economically expedient sowing rate for the Madonna variety is 1 million / ha, for the Otaman variety 1.1 million / ha, for the Gotivsky variety – 1.2 million / ha. The studied elements of the technology of pea cultivation provide a positive energy efficiency factor, which varies within 4.62 – 5.38.

Key words: peas, variety, sowing rate, yield, quality, economic and energy efficiency.

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