Коваленко О.А.

Fedorchuk M., Kovalenko O., Havrish V., Chernova A., Hruban V. Energy evaluation of sorghum growing technology in the South of Mykolaiv region

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UDC 633.17

 

Fedorchuk M.,

Kovalenko O.,

Havrish V.,

Chernova A.,

Hruban V.

 

In the conditions of a high drought of climate of the Nikolaev area and fluctuations of temperature on years the important direction of increase of productivity of arable land is cultivation of drought-resistant cultures and improvement of the technological receptions directed on creation of highly productive agrocenoses.

Industrial-scale cultivation of non-food energy crops for biofuels production is generally recognized as a positive step toward ensive enpreventing energy shortages and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. As part comprehergy plan, its bioenergy industry is vigorously accelerating cellulosic ethanol fuel production and diversifying feedstock supplies to include new crops such as cassava and sweet sorghum. In 2020, ethanol yield  reached 4.0 million tons, a 90% increase from 2.1 million tons in 2015, according to the 13th 5-Year Plan for bioenergy

Sorghum is a crop that can withstand high temperatures and prolonged droughts: to consume a one kg of dry matter, it consumes almost 1.5 times less water than corn and 2 times less than cereals. Its value is also due to the versatility of use, the ability to give stable yields, the possibility of growing on unproductive soils.

Energy sorghum, including biomass and sweet type varieties, has recently gained favor as bioethanol feedstock amongst numerous candidate crops. Low input requirements, wide adaptability, and remarkable biological productivity confer better energy balance to sorghum as compared to other competing crops. Using current renewable energy technologies, soluble sugars and structural carbon compounds (cellulose and hemicellulose) in energy sorghum stems and leaves could be the most promising approach for the first and second generation ethanol production.

This article evaluates the energy efficiency of growing sugar and grain sorghum in the context of climate change.

Keywords: energy equivalent, energy efficiency coefficient, energy costs, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, biofuel, energy efficiency.

 

References:

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  4. Iosvany López-Sandin, Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Soto, Adriana Gutiérrez-Díez, Nancy Medina-Herrera, Edgar Gutiérrez-Castorena1 and Francisco Zavala-García. Evaluation of the Use of Energy in the Production of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Under Different Production Systems. Energies, 2019, 12, 1713; doi:10.3390/en12091713
  5. Su, Y.; Zhang, P.; Su, Y. An overview of biofuels policies and industrialization in the major biofuel producing countries. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2015, 50, 991‒1003.
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  15. Bonin, C. L.; Heaton, E. A.; Cogdill, T. J.; Moore, K. J. Management of sweet sorghum for biomass Sugar tech. 2016, 18, 150‒159.
  16. Amaducci, S., Colauzzi, M., Battini, F., Fracasso, A., Perego, A., 2016. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the production of biogas from maize and sorghum in a water limited environment. J. Agron. 76, 54–65.
  17. Bioenerhetychna otsinka sorhovykh kultur /[V.L. Kurylo, O.V. Yalanskyi, V.L. Hamandii ta in.] . Zbirnyk naukovykh prats IBKITsB. 2012. Vyp.14. S. 554-558.
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  19. Boiko M.O. Vplyv hustoty posivu ta strokiv sivby na produktyvnist hibrydiv sorho zernovoho v umovakh Pivdnia Ukrainy. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomoria. 2016. Vyp.3 (91). S.96-104.
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  21. Vakhrushev H.A., Antypenko L.N. Эnerhetycheskaia эffektyvnost tekhnolohyy proyzvodstva sorho / Tezysы dokladov na mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-praktycheskoi konferentsyy «Selektsyia, semenovodstvo, tekhnolohyia vozdelыvanyia y pererabotky sorho». Zernohrad, 1999. S. 24-25.
  22. Alabushev A.B., Antypenko L.N. Эnerhetycheskaia otsenka proyzvodstva sorhovыkh kultur. Zernovыe y kormovыe kulturы (selektsyia, semenovodstvo, tekhnolohyia vozdelыvanyia). Zernohrad, 2000. S. 4-6.
  23. Ivanina V. V., Sypko A. O., Sinchuk H. A Bioenerhetychna produktyvnist tsukrovoho sorho zalezhno vid umov azotnoho zhyvlennia. Bioenerhetyka. 2014. № 2. S. 25–27.
  24. Mesiachnыe y hodovыe summы vыpavshykh osadkov v Nykolaeve: veb-sait. URL: [http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/history/33846_2.] (data zvernennia: 02.11.2020).
  25. Melike E.Bildirici Economic growth and biomass energy. Biomass and Bioenergy. Volume 50, March 2013, Pages 19-24.
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  27. Мatthew W. Veal, Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Mari S. Chinn, Associate Professor Matthew B. Whitfield Sweet Sorghum Production to Support Energy and Industrial Products. North Carolina Cooperative Extension. 2014 – 8 р. [http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/sweet-sorghum-production-to-support-energy-and-industrial-products].
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  29. Seied Naser Eshaghi Sardrood Effect of chemical fertilizers and bio-fertilizers application on some morpho-physiological characteristics of forage sorghum / Seied Naser Eshaghi Sardrood, Amin Bagheri Pirouz and Behzad Shokati. International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. Vol., 4 (2), Pages 223 – 231, 2013 URL: [http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/11527/1/IJAPP_4_2_223_231_2013.pdf] (дата звернення: 02.11.2020).

Dobrovolskyi A., Kovalenko O., Andreychenko L., Koloyanidi N. Influence of seeding methods on the duration of the growing season and productivity of chickpea varieties

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UDC 635.657: 631.6

 

Dobrovolskyi A.,

Kovalenko O.,

Andreychenko L.,

Koloyanidi N.

 

The aim of this work was to study the duration of  growing season, as well as to study the features of  formation of productivity of chickpea varieties depending on the seeding method and weather conditions of southern Steppe of Ukraine. The experimental part of the study was conducted in 2008-2010 yrs and in 2017-2019 yrs in the fields of the Mykolaiv region, which were located in the southern Steppe of Ukraine. Soil cover of experimental plot is represented by chernozem southern. Object of  research were varieties of chickpeas: Rosanna, Pam’yat`, Triumph, Budzhak. The scheme of the experiment also included methods of seeding such as ordinary (15 cm) and wide-row (45 cm). Seeding rate: for solid crops – 0.6 million for wide-row – 0.4 million pieces of germinating seeds per 1 ha. The chickpea growing technology, with the exception of the elements that were studied, corresponded to the recommended one for the research area. The sown area of the plot of the first order is 75 m2, the accounting area is 50 m2. The frequency is three times, and the placement of sections is randomized. The research used generally accepted methods in crop production.

As a result of experimental studies and production testing of medium-ripened chickpea varieties, it was found that the duration of the growing season of plants and their productivity depended on the seeding methods. The longest growing season – 108–113 days was observed with a wide-row sowing method, and the shortest – with solid sowing crops (101–108 days). Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between the duration of the growing season and the average daily air temperature during the growing season of chickpea (r = 0.89). The highest yield of chickpea varieties was formed in wide-row crops, while the increase in grain yield was 0.11 t/ha or 7.8% compared to solid crops. Precipitation and Sielianinov’s hydrothermal index (r = 0.73 and r = 0.75) had a great influence on the formation of the grain yield of chickpea, and the average daily air temperature (r = 0.80) had an effect on the accumulation of protein in the grain.

Keywords: chickpeas, meteorological conditions, growing season, productivity, variety, seeding method.

References:

  1. Bushulian, O. V. and Sichkar, V. I. (2009). Nut: henetyka, selektsiia, nasinnytstvo, tekhnolohiia vyroshchuvannia [Nut: genetics, selection, seed production, technology of cultivation]. Odessa: N. p. [in Ukrainian]
  2. Knights, E. I., Acikgoz, A., Warkentin, T., Bejiga, G., Yadav, S. S. and Sandhul, I. S. (2007). Area, Production, Distribution. In: S.S. Yadav, R.J. Redden, W. Chen, B. Sharma (ed.) Chickpea Breeding and Management. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press, 167-79
  3. Sichkar, V. I. and Bushulian, O. V. (2001). Tekhnolohiia vyroshchuvannia nutu v Ukraini. [Сhickpea growing technology in Ukraine]. Propozytsiia. 10, 42–43 [in Ukrainian]
  4. Gaur, P. M., Tripathi, S., Gowda, C. L. L., Ranga Rao, G. V., Sharma, H. C., Pande, S. and Sharma, M. (2010). Chickpea Seed Production Manual. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 28 p.
  5. Hadzalo, Ya. M., Kyrychenko, V. V., Dziubetskyi, B. V. (2016). Stratehiia innovatsiinoho rozvytku selektsii i nasinnytstva zernovykh kultur v Ukraini. [Strategy for innovative development of selection and seed production of grain crops in Ukraine]. Kyiv – Kharkiv – Dnipro. 32 р. [in Ukrainian]
  6. Hermantseva, N. Y. (2001). Byolohycheskye osobennosty, selektsyia y semenovodstvo nuta v zasushlyvom Povolzhe [Biological features, selection and seed production of chickpeas in the arid Volga region]. avtoref. dys. na soyskanye nauch. stepeny d-ra s.-kh. nauk : spets. 06.01.09 «Selektsyia y semenovodstvo» / Rossyiskaia akademyia selskokhoziaistvennyikh nauk. Penza, 54 р. [in Russian]
  7. Miguelez Frade, M. M. and Valenciano, J. B. (2005). Effect of sowing density on the yield and yield components of spring-sown irrigated chockpea (Cicer arietinum) grown in Spain. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 33, 367-371.
  8. Dospekhov, B. A. (1985). Metodika polevogo opyta s osnovami statisticheskoi obrabotki resultatov issledovaniy [Methodology of field experience with the basics of statistical processing of research results]. Moscow: Kolos. 353 р. [in Russian]
  9. Wolf, V. G. (1966). Statisticheskaya obrabotka opyitnyih dannyih [Statistical processing the experimental data]. Moscow: Kolos. 134 p. [in Russian]
  10. Metodyka provedennia ekspertyzy ta derzhavnoho vyprobuvannia sortiv roslyn zernovykh, krupianykh ta zernobobovykh kultur [The method of examination and state testing of varieties of plants of cereals and legumes]. (2003). Kyiv: N. p., 2, 3, р. 191–204. [in Ukrainian]

Influence of sowing terms on the level of pre-harvesting seed moisture of corn hybrids

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UDC 633.15: 631.53.04

V. Palamarchuk, Ph.D. Sciences, Associate Professor
Vinnytsia National Agrarian University
O. Kovalenko, Ph.D. Sciences, Associate Professor
Mykolayiv National Agrarian University

The article presents the results of studying the level of pre-harvest humidity of grain of maize hybrids at the application of early, medium and late sowing dates on the experimental fields of the Department of Plant Production at Vinnytsa NAU in condition of the Pravoberezhnyy Forestry Steppe Zone, and also reviewed the influence of weather conditions in different years of observation on these data. The given analysis of the pre-harvest humidity of the crop’s grain makes it possible to ascertain the influence on it not only different groups of mature hybrids, meteorological conditions, but also the terms of sowing which are due to different levels of temperature regime of the soil at the depth of seeding. It has been proved that the use of earlier sowing dates led to a better moisture transfer of grain and a lower moisture index at the time of harvesting the crop. The level of these factors was influenced not only by the climatic conditions of the year and the elements of agrotechnics, but also by such features as the number of wings on the swinging and linear grain sizes. It has been established that delaying with the terms of sowing leads to an increase in the number of wings of cabbage in hybrids of all groups of maturation. It has also been noted that the level of pre-harvest humidity, of the same maize hybrid, can change substantially depending on the meteorological conditions which occur during the second period of vegetation, namely from flowering to complete grain ripeness.
The use of early sowing terms for corn hybrids will not only optimize the linear seed sizes, but also will reduce the number of grain shells, which is positively reflected in reducing the pre-harvest moisture content of the grain by 2.1-6.8% compared with the late sowing terms.

Keyword: corn, hybrids, terms of sawing, moisture content of grain, grain size, wrappers of cobs.

Influence of sowing terms on the level of pre-harvesting seed moisture of corn hybrids.

Issue 4 (96), 2017

The influence of seed rates on the formation of density of sweet sorghum varieties in the conditions of the South steppe of Ukraine

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UDC 631.53.048:633.17(477.7)

A. Chernova,
O. Kovalenko

The article contains the indicators of standing sweet sorghum varieties plants which depend on different rates of seed sowing in the conditions of the south Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that the density of standing of sweet sorghum varieties plants in the studies was different in all varieties in the variants of seed sowing norms and was the highest in the Silo 700 D.
The purpose of the article is to investigate the effect of seed sowing norms on the formation of the density in sugar sorghum varieties in the conditions of the South Steppe of Ukraine. Also aim is to establish the dependence of density in sweet sorghum varieties from the influence of these factors.
The highest plant density of sweet sorghum varieties in the phase of full ripeness (134.9 thousand pcs. / ha) was with the Silo 700 D variety with the seeding rate over 160 thousand pcs. grown up seeds / ha, the lowest was with the Silosne 42 (57 thousand pcs. / ha) with sowing rate over 70 thousand pcs. grown up seeds / ha. At the plot of land with the Favorit variety, in comparison with the standard the Silo 700 D, was formed 0.5 thousand pieces / ha of plants which is less than 70 thousand pcs. grown up seeds / ha, with the norm of sowing 100 and 130 thousand – by 0.5 thousand pieces / ha more, and at 160 – by 1.4 thousand pieces / ha less.
Conclusions. The density of standing sweet sorghum plants in the conducted studies varied according to the varieties and seeding rates and was the highest at the standard variety the Silo 700 D. The seed rates influenced on the formation of the density of sweet sorghum plants and the percentage of their survival, which reviled the indicators of the crop at the end.

Keyword: sweet sorghum, seeding rate, plant density, the Favorit, the Silo 700 D, the Sylosnoe 42.

The influence of seed rates on the formation of density of sweet sorghum varieties in the conditions of the South steppe of Ukraine.

References:
1. Storozhyk L. I. Perspektyvy vyroshchuvannia sorho tsukrovoho, yak alternatyvnoho dzherela enerhii / L.I. Storozhyk // Tsukrovi buriaky. – 2011. − #2. – S. 20 − 21.
2. Produktyvnist sorho tsukrovoho (Sorghum sacchartum (L.) Pers.) zalezhno vid sortovykh osoblyvostei ta riznoi hustoty stoiannia roslyn / V. L. Kurylo, N. O. Hryhorenko, O.O. Marchuk, I. R. Funina // Sortovyvchennia ta okhorona prav na sorty roslyn. – 2013. – #3. – S.8-12.
3. Sorhovi kultury : tekhnolohiia, vykorystannia, hibrydy ta sorty: [rekomendatsii] / A. V. Cherenkov, M. S. Shevchenko, B. V. Dziubetskyi [ta in.]. – Dnipropetrovsk : Roial Prynt, 2011. – 63 s.
4. Boldyrieva L. L. Tekhnolohiia vyroshchuvannia sorho / L. L. Boldyrieva, V. P. Bondarenko // Krymskyi ahrotekhnolohichnyi universytet. – 2007. – # 6 (953). – S. 2.
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Issue 3 (95), 2017

Assessment energy effi ciency of soft winter wheat dependence terms of sowing and seeding rate

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UDC 633.11″324″:631.53.04

M. Korhova,
O. Kovalenko
A. Shepel 

The article gives us the analysis of energy efficiency technology elements of Natalka variety soft winter wheat production in the conditions of the southern steppe of Ukraine. The results showed that terms of sowing and seeding rates also influence at the value of the energy accumulation in a grain of winter wheat. The highest level (74,3 GJ/ha) of the reachersed energy indicator was reached in sowing on October 10th with the seeding rate of 5 million similar seeds/ha. The lowest indicator was formed at 49,0 GJ/ha in variants with sowing date on September 10th with the seeding rate of 3 million similar seeds/ha.
By decreasing the seeding rate from 5 to 3 million similar seeds the spending of total energy in soft winter wheat decreased to 1,5 and 3,1 GJ/ha.
Energy increases by growing soft winter wheat of Natalka variety gained its maximum level (42,7 GJ/ha) on October 10th with the seeding rate and norms of sowing similar seeds 5 million/ha, while the power factor was 2,35. Thus, the sowing of soft winter wheat on October 10th in compare with the previously recommended period on September 30th caused the increasing of energy efficiency indicators in average seeding rate from 2,15 to 2,35, or 7,3%.
The highest level (9,8 GJ/t) of grain energy-capacity was reached in the period of sowing on September 10th with the seeding rate of similar seeds 5 million/ha and the lowest level was 6,7 GJ/t for sowing in the period of October 10th and the seeding rate of 3 million similar seeds per ha. Increasing the seeding rate from 3 to 5 million similar seeds per ha caused the increasing of grain energy-capacity in the cultivation of 1 ton of soft winter wheat from 6,7-9,3 to 6,9- 9,8 GJ/t or 3,0 – 5,4%. During the sowing on October 10th this indicator number was minimal and the average seeding rate was 6,8 GJ, and by planting it on September 30th, 20th, 10th we observed its increasing for 9,3 – 26,1%.

Assessment energy effi ciency of soft winter wheat dependence terms of sowing and seeding rate.

References:
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5. Shevchenko O.O. Produktyvnist ozymoi pshenytsi zalezhno vid poperednykiv, dobryv ta obrobitku gruntu v Stepu Ukrainy: avtoref. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia kand. s.- h. nauk: spets. 06.01.01 «Zahalne zemlerobstvo» / O.O. Shevchenko – Dnipropetrovsk, 2002. – s. 16.
6. Berdnikova O.H. Produktyvnist sortiv pshenytsi ozymoi zalezhno vid foniv zhyvlennia ta zroshennia v umovakh pivdnia Ukrainy.: avtoref. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia kand. s.- h. nauk: spets. 06.01.09 «Roslynnytstvo» / O. H. Berdnikova – Kherson, 2012. – s. 16.
7. Yarchuk I.I. Bioenerhetychna efektyvnist zastosuvannia mineralnykh dobryv pid ozymu tverdu pshenytsiu / I.I. Yarchuk // Visnyk Derzhavnoi ahroekolohichnoi akademii Ukrainy. Ahroekolohiia. – 2001. – # 2. – S. 44–48.
8. Zolotukhina Z.V. Otsinka ekonomichnoi ta bioenerhetychnoi efektyvnosti vyroshchuvannia ozymoi pshenytsi z vykorystanniam rehuliatora rostu AKM / Z.V.Zolotukhina, V.V. Kalytka // Visn. ahrar. nauky Prychornomoria. – 2013. – Vyp. 2. – S. 89-94.
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Issue 4 (92), 2016