Gritsienko Yu., Gill M., Kosenko M. Polymorphism of the genetic-biochemical systems of moder nukrainian breedsof milke dlivestock productivity

UDC 636.082.22:575.17

 

Yu. Gritsienko

M. Gill

M. Kosenko

 

In the same natural and economic conditions of the southern region, each of the relatively young breeds of domestic breeding: Ukrainian red  dairy, Ukrainian  black -motley diary , Ukrainian red-motley diary implements and exhibits its productive characteristics in different ways. One of the main economically useful features of dairy cattle is their milk productivity, the formation of which is caused by a large number of genetic loci.Protein polymorphism is very useful for studying and controlling the genetic differentiation of groups of animals in relation to their reproduction in different ecological and geographical conditions.The high productivity of dairy cows is conditioned and inextricably linked to the intense flow ofmetabolism in organs and systems and the functional activity of these organs.Therefore, it became necessary to study the genetic and biochemical features that, in the aggregate, determine the productive characteristics of the breeds with a view to further improve theimplementation of the results obtained in breeding. The group of genetic-biochemicalsystems under study included transport proteins: hemoglobin (HB), ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin(Tf), posttransferrin (pTf), amylase (Am-1), and vitamin D (calcitriol) receptor(GС).The experiments were performed on red blood cells and blood plasma. The polymorphism of proteins and enzymes was evaluated using the method of electrophoretic separation of proteins in13% starch gel in horizontal chambers with subsequent histochemicalstaining.According to the results of studies of genetic-biochemical systems, the presence of genetic breed-specific features of modern Ukrainianbreeds of milk production direction characterized by genetically determined polymorphism of groups of genetic-biochemical systems of transport proteins: hemoglobin (HB), ceruloplasmin(CP), transferrin (Tf), amylase (Am-1), and vitamin D (calcitriol) (GC) receptor. A high incidence of allelic variants at Tf – AD1 loci was established; pTf – FS; GС – AB; HB – AA; CP – AB; Am-1–BC. The most polymorphic (61,8-66,2%) genetic-biochemical system in cows of breeds of Ukrainian breeding was established locus Tf. Estimation of the polymorphism index of cows by the locus of HB allowed to confirm its minimum index (0,082 and 0,032) in animals of Ukrainian red dairy breeds and monomorphism in the gaps of cows of Ukrainian black-moyley diary and Ukrainian red-motley diary breeds, at the locus of this protein group in the experiment of the animal group of animals. No red polymorphism was detected in Ukrainian red-motley diary , all animals had a homozygous type of HB AA.

Keywords: allele, genetic structure, genetic markers, genetically determined trait, amylase,hemoglobin, transferrin, posttransferrin, ceruloplasmin, vitamin D. receptor.