V.G. Kuryata,O.V.Buinyi,V.V. Rogach. Effect of gibberellin on morphogenesis, formation of photosynthetic apparatus and yield of tomatoes.

V.G. Kuryata

O.V.Buinyi

V.V. Rogach

Synthetic growth regulators are often used in agriculture, due to their ability to influence on morphogenesis and plant productivity. In particular, the effect of drugs of inhibitory action is well studied and described in literary sources, but the effect of growth stimulators, including gibberellins, requires a more detailed study.

The obtained results of the study indicate that gibberellic acid had a typical influence on the growth of tomato plants – significantly increased the height, total mass and mass of individual vegetative organs of the plant. Significant changes occurred in the photosynthetic apparatus: the number of leaves per plant increased, as well as the area of surface of individual leaves, which affected the productivity of plants. In addition, the thickness of chlorenchymes increased significantly. The leaf index, which characterizes the ratio of the area of ​​the leaf surface to the plot, significantly increased. At the same time, there was no significant increase in the chlorophyll index and the index of net productivity of photosynthesis. This evidences that the gibberellin action in plants increased the effectiveness of the photosynthetic apparatus precisely by increasing its total area.

The concentration of carbohydrates and reserve starch in the ontogenesis of plants decreased in vegetative organs, which may be caused by their outflow to the fruits. In general, in plants treated with gibberellin preparations, due to changes in the photosynthetic apparatus, there was an increase in the concentration of carbohydrates compared with the control. A similar situation was observed with the content of nitrogen. These results may indicate the role of vegetative parts of the plant in the supply of carbohydrates and nitrogen to fruits during the period of carpogenesis.

Changes in the photosynthetic apparatus, as well as the redistribution of assimilate streams in plants treated with gibberellin preparations, caused a significant increasing of the crop`s productivity. In particular, there is a significant increasing of yield of experimental plants by 30%. The results of the research indicate the high efficiency of the use of gibberellic drugs in order to control the increasing of the productivity of valuable crops, such as tomatoes.

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The influence of growth stimulating drugs such as Vitasyme and 6-benzylaminopurine on the morphogenesis and sweet pepper yield

UDC [581.1:582.926.2]:661.162.65

V. Rogach,
E. Kushnir,
V. Plotnikov

It has been investigated that the growth stimulators increased the diameter of the stem of pepper plants by 8-9%, and under the the effect of Vitasyme the diameter of root collar increased by 14%.
The drugs caused a significant increase in the number of leaves per plant and the weight of the damp substances of the leaves. At the same time leaf area increased under their influence. Moreover, a significant increase of this indicator occurred after the adoption of an integrated drug Vitasyme.
The leaf area index is a significant cenotic parameter of plantation crops. Under the treatment of plants with the Vitasyme this figure increased by one third, and in the application of a synthetic analogue of cytokin it increased by 16%.
Specific surface density is a quantitative characteristic of the concentration of the structural elements involved in photosynthetic processes. It is established that under the influence of Vitasyme this figure tended to increase, but under the action of 6-benzylaminopurine it increased significantly, which may be due to changes in mesostructural leaf organization.
An important indicator which affects the plant yield is the amount of chlorophyll in leaves. It is shown that the drug Vitasyme significantly increased the amount of chlorophylls (a+b) in leaves of sweet pepper, but under the action of 6-benzylaminopurine the amount of the main photosynthetic pigment tended to increase.
It has also been proved that under the influence of growth stimulators the amount of chlorophyll per unit area of planting significantly increased. A synthetic analogue of cytokinin was more effective in this case.
From the point of view of the efficiency of the biological productivity of plants it is important to study the dynamics of accumulation of dry matter and net productivity of photosynthesis. It is established that growth factors, Vitasyme and 6-benzylaminopurine, increased the dry mass of plants by more than 20% and the net productivity of photosynthesis, respectively, by 22% and 10%.
Anatomical and morphological changes in plants of sweet pepper, which occurred under the influence of the growth stimulators, had a positive impact on quantitative indicators of productivity elements. The use of a complex growth stimulant Vitasyme is found to be more effective from the point of view of optimizing the production process. The drug increased the number of fruits per plant by 32% and the average fetal weight. The fruit yield from 1 hectare increased by 34%. Under the action of 6-benzylaminopurine the number of fruits per plant increased by 12%, the average weight of fetus by 5%, and the fruit yield from 1 hectare increased by 16%.

Key words: sweet pepper, Vitasyme, 6-benzylaminopurine, morphometry, leaf area, chlorophyll, crop yield.

The influence of growth stimulating drugs such as Vitasyme and 6-benzylaminopurine on the morphogenesis and sweet pepper yield.

Issue №1 (93), 2017

The action of 6-benzylaminopurine on the formation and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of tomatoes

UDC 631.8:635.64

O. Buinyi,
V. Kuryata,
V. Rogach.

We have investigated that by means of preparations the thickness of leaf has decreased due to reducing the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis and herewith there have not found significant differences in the thickness of chlorenchyma. The positive influence of preparation has appeared in the increasing of volume of the main photosynthetic tissue – parenchyma on 32% comparing with control. The growth of the amount of stomas on the abaxial surface of leaf on 15% has occurred by means of preparations that is very important for the optimization of gas exchange. We have investigated that the use of 6-BAP has led to the increasing of the amount and the area of leaf surface of the plants during the period of formation of fruit. The received results also suggests that using of 6-BAP has slowed the dying of leaves and as a result of it their amount in research variant at the end of the vegetation were bigger than in the control on 15%.
About the bigger power of photosynthetic apparatus by means of 6-BAP suggests the bigger mass of dry substance of leaves in the research variant comparing with control.
The results of our investigation suggests that by means of 6-BAP the leaf index has increased in the phase of fruiting. Under the influence of synthetic analogue of cytokines the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of Bobcat tomatoes increased to 0,87±0,04% against to 0,59±0,03% in control. Since, simultaneously with growth of the content of chlorophyll in the leaves, the leaf index of crops has increased and the chlorophyll index has raised.
We have also explored that by means of preparations a net productivity of photosynthesis has increased during the all period of the research.
The increasing of the leaf surface and the mass of leaves and the increased content of chlorophyll under the influence of 6-benzylaminopurine has formed more powerful photosynthetic apparatus. The growth of yielding capacity of culture tomatoes on 18% was the result of such changes of photosynthetic apparatus.

Keywords: tomatoes, 6-benzylaminopurine, chlorenchyma, the area of leaves, chlorophyll, yielding capacity.

The action of 6-benzylaminopurine on the formation and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of tomatoes.