UDC 338.312:631.582:631.8:631.51

 

L. Tsentilo

 

Goal. Establishing the influence of methods of basic soil cultivation on the productivity of crop rotation in different fertilizer systems.
Methods. Field, statistical (statistical processing of research results), comparative-estimated (determination of energy efficiency) cultivation of crops in crop rotation. Laying and conducting experiments in accordance with generally accepted methods in agriculture. Meteorological conditions during the research on the average were typical for the Kiev region, however, differed in the amount of precipitation and the sum of active temperatures above 100 in certain months and years, resulting in crop yields varied.
Results. The largest collection of feed units per hectare (9.3 t/ha) was obtained for the application of the mineral fertilizer system.
Application of organo-mineral fertilizer system has led to an insignificant decrease in the productivity of crop rotation crops. The organic fertilizer system for the use of natural resources alone, with a utilization of 4.5 compost and non-part of the crop, the mass of succession siderates led to a significant reduction by 35.5% for NIR05 = 10.3%. During the rotation, the highest yield of crop rotation provided the option of politsevo-bezpolitsey soil cultivation (by 2.7%) compared with the control. In the case of small fieldless cultivation, there was a tendency to decrease productivity by 9.5%, as compared with control.
In the mineral fertilizer system, the share of mineral fertilizers is 38%, organic – 23% in the structure of nutrient supply of crop rotation crops.
In the organo-mineral fertilizer system, the share of nutrients used from the soil is 30%, and the contribution of mineral fertilizers decreases and makes up 18%. The share of participation in the formation of productivity of arable land at the expense of compost, root and post-dormancy substances, by-products – increases and makes up 37%.
It is established that the organic fertilizer system is insignificantly understated and the level of productivity of the arable land is optimal in mineral and organo-mineral systems.
Among fertilizer systems, the highest stability in the average crop rotation varieties of mineral and organo-mineral, respectively, with indicators of stability of 86,8 and 86,5%. The option without fertilizer was at a lower level of stability – 84.1%.
Among the systems of basic soil cultivation, no significant difference in stability was noted, on average, it was at 85.7%.
Conclusions. The use of a mineral fertilizer system in field crop rotation provided the largest collection of feed units per hectare of crop rotation. The highest yield of crop rotation has provided field-free field tillage, by 2.7% more compared to control.

Keywords: productivity, crop rotation, soil cultivation, fertilizer system, yield.