Чернова А.В.

Fedorchuk M., Kovalenko O., Havrish V., Chernova A., Hruban V. Energy evaluation of sorghum growing technology in the South of Mykolaiv region

web-mnau

UDC 633.17

 

Fedorchuk M.,

Kovalenko O.,

Havrish V.,

Chernova A.,

Hruban V.

 

In the conditions of a high drought of climate of the Nikolaev area and fluctuations of temperature on years the important direction of increase of productivity of arable land is cultivation of drought-resistant cultures and improvement of the technological receptions directed on creation of highly productive agrocenoses.

Industrial-scale cultivation of non-food energy crops for biofuels production is generally recognized as a positive step toward ensive enpreventing energy shortages and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. As part comprehergy plan, its bioenergy industry is vigorously accelerating cellulosic ethanol fuel production and diversifying feedstock supplies to include new crops such as cassava and sweet sorghum. In 2020, ethanol yield  reached 4.0 million tons, a 90% increase from 2.1 million tons in 2015, according to the 13th 5-Year Plan for bioenergy

Sorghum is a crop that can withstand high temperatures and prolonged droughts: to consume a one kg of dry matter, it consumes almost 1.5 times less water than corn and 2 times less than cereals. Its value is also due to the versatility of use, the ability to give stable yields, the possibility of growing on unproductive soils.

Energy sorghum, including biomass and sweet type varieties, has recently gained favor as bioethanol feedstock amongst numerous candidate crops. Low input requirements, wide adaptability, and remarkable biological productivity confer better energy balance to sorghum as compared to other competing crops. Using current renewable energy technologies, soluble sugars and structural carbon compounds (cellulose and hemicellulose) in energy sorghum stems and leaves could be the most promising approach for the first and second generation ethanol production.

This article evaluates the energy efficiency of growing sugar and grain sorghum in the context of climate change.

Keywords: energy equivalent, energy efficiency coefficient, energy costs, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, biofuel, energy efficiency.

 

References:

  1. Lan Tian Ren, Zu Xin Liu, Tong Yang Wei, Guang Hui Xie. (2012). Evaluation of energy input and output of sweet sorghum grown as a bioenergy crop on coastal saline-alkali land. Energy. 47. 166-173. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.024
  2. Ikoeva V.A., Okazova Z.P. Efficiency of cultivation of sweet sorghum for green fodder and silage in the steppe zone of the republic of north Ossetia-Alania. Modern problems of science and education. 2014, №5. URL: https://www.science-education.ru/en/article/view?id=14633
  3. Krzysztof Józef Jankowski, Bogdan Dubisa, Mateusz Mikołaj Sokólski, Dariusz Załuski, Piotr Bórawskia, Władysław Szempliński. (2020). Productivity and energy balance of maize and sorghum grown for biogas in a large-area farm in Poland: An 11-year field experiment. Industrial Crops & Products. 112326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112326.
  4. Iosvany López-Sandin, Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Soto, Adriana Gutiérrez-Díez, Nancy Medina-Herrera, Edgar Gutiérrez-Castorena1 and Francisco Zavala-García. Evaluation of the Use of Energy in the Production of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Under Different Production Systems. Energies, 2019, 12, 1713; doi:10.3390/en12091713
  5. Su, Y.; Zhang, P.; Su, Y. An overview of biofuels policies and industrialization in the major biofuel producing countries. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2015, 50, 991‒1003.
  6. Rocha, A.; Araújo, A.; Carvalho, A.; Sepulveda, J. A. New Approach for Real Time Train Energy Efficiency Energies. 2018, 11, doi:10.3390/en11102660.
  7. Haciseferogullari, H.; Acaroglu, M.; Gezer, I. Determination of the energy balance of the sugar beet plant. Source. 2003, 25, 15‒22.
  8. Pervanchon, F.; Bockstaller, C.; Girardin, P. Assessment of energy use in arable farming systems by means of an agro-ecological indicator: the energy indicator. Syst. 2002, 72, 149‒172.
  9. Larnaudie, V.; Rochon, E.; Ferrari, M. D.; Lareo, C. Energy evaluation of fuel bioethanol production from sweet sorghum using very high gravity (VHG) conditions. Energ. 2016, 88, 280‒287.
  10. Mathur, S.; Umakanth, A. V.; Tonapi, V. A.; Sharma, R.; Sharma, M. K. Sweet sorghum as biofuel feedstock: recent advances and available resources. Biofuels. 2017, 10, 146.
  11. Bai, Y.; Luo, L.; van der Voet, E. Life cycle assessment of switchgrass-derived ethanol as transport fuel. The J. Life Cycle Assess. 2010, 15, 468‒477.
  12. Mishra, J. S.; Kumar, R.; Rao, S. S. Performance of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars as a source of green fodder under varying levels of nitrogen in semi-arid tropical India. Sugar Tech. 2017, 19, 532‒538.
  13. Cosedido, V.; Vacas, R.; Macarulla, B.; Gracia, M. P.; Igartua, E. Agronomic and digital phenotyping evaluation of sweet sorghum public varieties and F1 hybrids with potential for ethanol production in Maydica. 2013, 58, 42‒53.
  14. Barcelos, C. A.; Maeda, R. N.; Santa Anna, L. M.; Pereira, N. Sweet sorghum as a whole-crop feedstock for ethanol production. Biomass bioenergy 2016, 94, 46‒56.
  15. Bonin, C. L.; Heaton, E. A.; Cogdill, T. J.; Moore, K. J. Management of sweet sorghum for biomass Sugar tech. 2016, 18, 150‒159.
  16. Amaducci, S., Colauzzi, M., Battini, F., Fracasso, A., Perego, A., 2016. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the production of biogas from maize and sorghum in a water limited environment. J. Agron. 76, 54–65.
  17. Bioenerhetychna otsinka sorhovykh kultur /[V.L. Kurylo, O.V. Yalanskyi, V.L. Hamandii ta in.] . Zbirnyk naukovykh prats IBKITsB. 2012. Vyp.14. S. 554-558.
  18. Bioenerhetychna produktyvnist tsukrovoho sorho zalezhno vid umov azotnoho zhyvlennia / [V.V. Ivanina, A.O. Sypko, H.A. Sinchuk ta in.]. Bioenerhetyka. 2014. № 2. S. 25-27.
  19. Boiko M.O. Vplyv hustoty posivu ta strokiv sivby na produktyvnist hibrydiv sorho zernovoho v umovakh Pivdnia Ukrainy. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomoria. 2016. Vyp.3 (91). S.96-104.
  20. Tarariko Yu.O. Bioenerhetychne ahrarne vyrobnytstvo v Lisostepu Ukrainy. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky. 2011. № 7. S. 9-13.
  21. Vakhrushev H.A., Antypenko L.N. Эnerhetycheskaia эffektyvnost tekhnolohyy proyzvodstva sorho / Tezysы dokladov na mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-praktycheskoi konferentsyy «Selektsyia, semenovodstvo, tekhnolohyia vozdelыvanyia y pererabotky sorho». Zernohrad, 1999. S. 24-25.
  22. Alabushev A.B., Antypenko L.N. Эnerhetycheskaia otsenka proyzvodstva sorhovыkh kultur. Zernovыe y kormovыe kulturы (selektsyia, semenovodstvo, tekhnolohyia vozdelыvanyia). Zernohrad, 2000. S. 4-6.
  23. Ivanina V. V., Sypko A. O., Sinchuk H. A Bioenerhetychna produktyvnist tsukrovoho sorho zalezhno vid umov azotnoho zhyvlennia. Bioenerhetyka. 2014. № 2. S. 25–27.
  24. Mesiachnыe y hodovыe summы vыpavshykh osadkov v Nykolaeve: veb-sait. URL: [http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/history/33846_2.] (data zvernennia: 02.11.2020).
  25. Melike E.Bildirici Economic growth and biomass energy. Biomass and Bioenergy. Volume 50, March 2013, Pages 19-24.
  26. Anthony Turhollow; Robert Perlack; Laurence Eaton and others The updated billion-ton resource assessment. Biomass and Bioenergy, Volume 70, 2014; pp. 149-164. URL: [https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/47693] (дата звернення: 02.11.2020).
  27. Мatthew W. Veal, Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Mari S. Chinn, Associate Professor Matthew B. Whitfield Sweet Sorghum Production to Support Energy and Industrial Products. North Carolina Cooperative Extension. 2014 – 8 р. [http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/sweet-sorghum-production-to-support-energy-and-industrial-products].
  28. Todd Pfeiffe, Michael Montros Sweet Sorghum for Biofuel. University of Kentucky, URL: [https://www.uky.edu/ccd/sites/www.uky.edu.ccd/files/sorghumbiofuel.pdf] (дата звернення: 02.11.2020).
  29. Seied Naser Eshaghi Sardrood Effect of chemical fertilizers and bio-fertilizers application on some morpho-physiological characteristics of forage sorghum / Seied Naser Eshaghi Sardrood, Amin Bagheri Pirouz and Behzad Shokati. International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. Vol., 4 (2), Pages 223 – 231, 2013 URL: [http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/11527/1/IJAPP_4_2_223_231_2013.pdf] (дата звернення: 02.11.2020).

The influence of seed rates on the formation of density of sweet sorghum varieties in the conditions of the South steppe of Ukraine

web-mnau

UDC 631.53.048:633.17(477.7)

A. Chernova,
O. Kovalenko

The article contains the indicators of standing sweet sorghum varieties plants which depend on different rates of seed sowing in the conditions of the south Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that the density of standing of sweet sorghum varieties plants in the studies was different in all varieties in the variants of seed sowing norms and was the highest in the Silo 700 D.
The purpose of the article is to investigate the effect of seed sowing norms on the formation of the density in sugar sorghum varieties in the conditions of the South Steppe of Ukraine. Also aim is to establish the dependence of density in sweet sorghum varieties from the influence of these factors.
The highest plant density of sweet sorghum varieties in the phase of full ripeness (134.9 thousand pcs. / ha) was with the Silo 700 D variety with the seeding rate over 160 thousand pcs. grown up seeds / ha, the lowest was with the Silosne 42 (57 thousand pcs. / ha) with sowing rate over 70 thousand pcs. grown up seeds / ha. At the plot of land with the Favorit variety, in comparison with the standard the Silo 700 D, was formed 0.5 thousand pieces / ha of plants which is less than 70 thousand pcs. grown up seeds / ha, with the norm of sowing 100 and 130 thousand – by 0.5 thousand pieces / ha more, and at 160 – by 1.4 thousand pieces / ha less.
Conclusions. The density of standing sweet sorghum plants in the conducted studies varied according to the varieties and seeding rates and was the highest at the standard variety the Silo 700 D. The seed rates influenced on the formation of the density of sweet sorghum plants and the percentage of their survival, which reviled the indicators of the crop at the end.

Keyword: sweet sorghum, seeding rate, plant density, the Favorit, the Silo 700 D, the Sylosnoe 42.

The influence of seed rates on the formation of density of sweet sorghum varieties in the conditions of the South steppe of Ukraine.

References:
1. Storozhyk L. I. Perspektyvy vyroshchuvannia sorho tsukrovoho, yak alternatyvnoho dzherela enerhii / L.I. Storozhyk // Tsukrovi buriaky. – 2011. − #2. – S. 20 − 21.
2. Produktyvnist sorho tsukrovoho (Sorghum sacchartum (L.) Pers.) zalezhno vid sortovykh osoblyvostei ta riznoi hustoty stoiannia roslyn / V. L. Kurylo, N. O. Hryhorenko, O.O. Marchuk, I. R. Funina // Sortovyvchennia ta okhorona prav na sorty roslyn. – 2013. – #3. – S.8-12.
3. Sorhovi kultury : tekhnolohiia, vykorystannia, hibrydy ta sorty: [rekomendatsii] / A. V. Cherenkov, M. S. Shevchenko, B. V. Dziubetskyi [ta in.]. – Dnipropetrovsk : Roial Prynt, 2011. – 63 s.
4. Boldyrieva L. L. Tekhnolohiia vyroshchuvannia sorho / L. L. Boldyrieva, V. P. Bondarenko // Krymskyi ahrotekhnolohichnyi universytet. – 2007. – # 6 (953). – S. 2.
5. Boldyreva L.L. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po vyrashhivaniju sorgovyh kul’tur / L. L. Boldyreva, V. P. Bondarenko. Simferopol’, 2007. – 28 s.
6. Karakal’chev A. S. Sorgo v pustyne / A. S. Karakal’chev, T. S. Rahimbekov, V. M. Makarov, P. S. Rusakov // Kukuruza i sorgo. – 1985. – № 4. – S. 24-25.
7. Gvindzhilija S. T. Podbor i sravnitel’naja ocenka produktivnosti sortoobrazcov saharnogo sorgo v uslovijah Nizhnego Povolzh’ja : avtoreferat dis. … kandidata sel’skohozjajstvennyh nauk : 06.01.09, 06.01.05 / Sarat. gos. agrar. un-t im. N.I. Vavilova. Saratov, 2006.

Issue 3 (95), 2017