L. K. Antipova, N.V. Tsurkan, A.M. Adamovics, L.A. Poisa. Perennial grasses are an important component of ecological farming and feed production.

UDC 633.2: 631.147: 636.085

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-4(100)-5

L. Antipova
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2609-0801
N. Tsurkan
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0732-5938
A. Adamovics
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1725-4421
L. Poisa

Formulation of the problem. One of the factors contributing to the greening of farming is the cultivation of perennial grasses, therefore conducting research to determine the state of their development is relevant.

Research results. It has been established that in the meter (0-100 cm) soil layer accumulates over three years of life with root and post-mowed remains of 243.6 kg / ha of nitrogen; 38.7 – P2O5; 134.3 – K2O; 102.4 kg / ha – Ca. When flat-cut (without-dump) small tillage – by 11.9; 4.9; 5.1; 10.8%, respectively, in comparison with deep plowing.

During the period from 1990 to 2016 in Ukraine, the area of grass for hay and green fodder decreased by 72.4%, in the South of the country – by 88.1%. At the same time, in the South, the inflow of biological nitrogen into the soil due to nitrogen fixation decreased from 87.7 to 10.5 thousand tons of active ingredient. These indicators in terms of value (at prices in 2016) are approximately UAH 2,383.3 million in 1990 and UAH 258.2 million – in 2016. Consequently, the energy supply to the soil decreased (from 7612.4 TJ to 824.6 TJ), which indicates a large energy loss. If in 1990, in the Southern Steppe, 9% of the area under perennial grasses was counted, in 2016 it was only 1.4% of the total sown area at a rate of 8-10%.

Herbs, especially legumes, are an integral part of the biologization of agriculture in the PP “Agroecology” in the Poltava region. Livestock is fully provided with feed of its own production. Organic products are produced.

In Latvia, the area of perennial grasses in 2011 decreased in comparison with 1990 by 44.2%, respectively. Almost half of the acreage is set aside for fodder crops: grasses, legumes (peas, vetch, fodder beans). Agricultural land occupies 13% of the country’s land, of which arable land makes up 48.5%, and 42.7% of land is set aside for hayfields, pastures, and pastures.

Latvia exports up to 70% of all beef produced to the EU countries. Changes in the structure of agricultural land are noted, because Latvia, with accession to the EU in 2004, began to receive support for the development of the national economy.

Conclusion. Perennial grasses are an important component of crop production, which provides the population with food. Failure of crop rotations, a sharp decrease in the area under the crops of these herbs in Ukraine has a negative impact on soil fertility rates.

Thanks to herbs, ecologically pure nitrogen is accumulated in the soil, which contributes to the productivity of the cultivated plants that follow them and produces ecologically pure and safe products. An urgent need is to expand the area under crops of perennial grasses in Ukraine, in order not to end up with poor soil nutrients.

Key words: perennial grasses, area of crops, biological nitrogen, soil fertility, greening of agriculture, organic products.

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