Rozhkovа T. The influence of aqueous extracts of Allium genus plants on the mycoflora of seeds and the development of winter wheat seedlings

UDC 632.4:633.11

 

Rozhkovа T.

 

The effect of aqueous extracts of plants of the genus Allium on the mycoflora of winter wheat was studied. The seeds of the Bogdana variety were grown in the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine (Sumy region) (yields 2017-2019). Onion and garlic plants were also grown under these conditions. Analysis of the mycoflora was carried out on a nutrient medium (potato glucose agar).
The effect of aqueous extracts of plants of the genus Allium on the development of fungus colonies of the mycoflora of winter wheat seeds was investigated. The dominant fungi of genus Alternaria (A. arborescens and A. avenicola), the most harmful Bipolaris sorokiniana, Nigrospora oryzae, Fusarium poae and Fusarium sporotrichioides were selected for the study. The aqueous extracts had a different response to the growth of the fungus colonies: from the complete suppression to the absence of any effect. On the fifth day, the percentage of inhibition was higher than on the seventh day. The use of 20% solutions was more effective than 10%, with the exception of the inhibition of one species (A. arborescens). A. cepa had almost no inhibitory effect on the studied fungi. A. sativum had a significant percentage of the decrease in the growth of A. arborescens colonies (31.2–47.4%). The most effective was the use of garlic extracts against the growth of colonies of F. poae, especially 20% solution (the percentage of the inhibition – 100%).
The treatment of winter wheat seeds with aqueous extracts of the genus Allium showed a greater effect of A. sativum on the mycoflora than A. cepa during the three years of the study (2017–2019). The use of the aqueous solutions of the garlic (10%) reduced the number of the fungi of the genus Alternaria, dangerous for the germination of the seeds of the fungi of the genus Penicillium spp. and N. oryzae. However, the increase of the concentration of the aqueous solution to 40% had a negative effect on the mycoflora of the seeds (the increase of the number of the fungi of the genus Penicillium spp. by an average of 10 times) and inhibition of the growth of wheat seedlings. The treatment of wheat seeds with 20% aqueous solution of the garlic even increased the length of the seedlings, especially on the 7th day.
Thus, the treatment of winter wheat seeds with the aqueous extracts of A. sativum (10, 20% solutions) stimulated the development of seedlings, due to the changes in the composition of the mycoflora.

Key words: seed mycoflora, winter wheat, aqueous extracts, Allium sativum Allium cepa, percentage inhibition.

 

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