Hospodarenko H., Cherno O., Boiyko V., Liubych V. Assimilation of basic nutrients from soil and mineral fertilizers of grain wheat on the black grain of the podzolized sand of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

UDC 631.55:664.64.016:633.11:631.8

 

Hospodarenko H.

Cherno O.

Boiyko V.

Liubych V.

 

The effect results of prolonged use of different doses and ratios of fertilizers on chernozem podzolized in a field crop rotation under the conditions of  Right-Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on the content of essential nutrients in winter wheat grain and straw, the precursor of which was soybean, were shown. It has been found that, due to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers, the nitrogen content of winter wheat grain increased by 13–49%, phosphorus by 3–19 %, and potassium by 6–14%. With grain, winter wheat absorbs nitrogen most – 49.4–147.8 kg/ha and phosphorus – 22.1–51.9 kg Р2О5/ha, and potassium – only 15.0–32.6 kg K2О/ha, depending on yield and quality. It is estimated that 27–33% of nitrogen, 35–36 % – of phosphorus and 74–76% of potassium are returned to the soil with winter wheat straw from economic removal depending on fertilizer doses.
The calculations showed that in the main and non marketable part of crop, nutrients are contained not only in different quantity but also in different proportions. With the main products, winter wheat absorbs nitrogen most and potassium least, and with the non marketable part of crop, on the contrary, potassium is absorbed more than nitrogen. It should also be noted that a lot of phosphorus is absorbed from the soil with grain – 22.1–53.6 kg Р2О5/ha depending on crop and fertilizer variant. Most phosphorus was absorbed at the production control (N110P60K80 variant) – 53.6 kg Р2О5/ha.
The calculations showed that with non marketable winter wheat products, 27–33% of nitrogen is returned from the economic absorbing, depending on the experiment. The phosphorus absorbing coefficient with the non marketable part of crop is a more stable indicator and is in the range of 0.35–0.36. With regard to potassium, its straw absorbing coefficient was the highest and amounted to 0.74–0.76. Since potassium does not form complex organic compounds in plants, having entered the soil, it will be easily available to subsequent crop rotation. This should be taken into account when developing potash fertilizer application system.
For the formation of 1 ton of basic and appropriate quantity of non marketable winter wheat, it consumes 20.5–28.2 kg of nitrogen. Phosphorus consumption indicator is more stable and varies from 6.2 to 7.4 and straw is only 2.0 to 2.3 kg P2O5/t. Potassium (4.2–4.8 kg K2О/t) was spent least on forming the unit of grain, while at the same time, 7.0–8.8 kg K2О/t was spent on the formation of non marketable products. For the crop formation of marketable unit and the corresponding amount of non marketable products winter wheat absorbs the nutrients in the following ratio N: Р2О5: K2О – 1: 0,4: 0,7.

Keywords: winter wheat, podzolic heavy clayloam chernozem, content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, economic removal.

 

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