Reform of decentralization and development of rural regions in Ukraine

UDC 330.341.46:332.33

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2019-2(102)-1

 

I. Cherven
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4268-8216
S. Pavliuk
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9093-5237

 

     

    Rural territories play a key role in economic growth of both – the state itself, and the particular Ukrainian village as well. The necessity of fundamental change of the power system and its territorial basis on all the levels, and also the implementation of real steps towards the stimulation of the country development, today is considered to be an answer to the current challenges. It is the decentralization which increases opportunities and really is a powerful driver for the stimulation of the rural territories development.
   A decentralization reform gave rise to the formation of the competent local government in local communities – a power institution, which is the closest one to the citizen. Voluntary association of local communities let the newly formed local authorities obtain the appropriate power and resources.
   The literary sources analysis shows that the majority of the latest scientific works is devoted to the questions of the rural development or to the sustainable development of the rural territories. However, the decentralization, introduced during the last three years, which structurally reconstructs the rural areas and changes their territory and administrative landscape, determines the search for new approaches. And also requires the actualization of this area of research.
   The complex evaluation of the decentralization of the development and organization of socio-economic regulation of the rural territories, held in the article, shows that the last ones play the main role in the process of reforming of the local government and territorial organization of power, and are considered to be self-sufficient and capable systems.
    It was found that the positive experience of the decentralization process took place, but the newly established united territory communities have a number of unresolved issues, connected with the development of the long-term plans of the territories formation, stable providing of the state support, optimal distribution of power between the local governments and the executive authorities, distribution of functions and power between the local councils and the  district administrations and the district councils of each district, on the territories of which the communities were established.
      Key words: decentralization, general territorial community, rural territory, development, municipal cooperation, financial capacity of communities.


References

  1. Borodina O. M., Prokopa I. V., Yurchyshyn V. V. ta in. (2012). Sotsioekonomichnyi rozvytok silskoho hospodarstva i sela: suchasnyi vymir. K.
  2. Metodyka formuvannia spromozhnykh terytorialnykh hromad: Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 8 kvitnia 2015 №214. Retrieved from: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/214-2015-%D0%BF.
  3. Monitorynh protsesu detsentralizatsii vlady ta reformuvannia mistsevoho samovriaduvannia stanom na 10 travnia 2019 roku. Retrieved from: https://decentralization.gov.ua/news/11011.
  4. Serohin S. M., Sharov Yu. P., Borodin Ye. I., Honcharuk N. T. (2016). Upravlinnia stratehichnym rozvytkom obiednanykh terytorialnykh hromad: innovatsiini pidkhody ta instrumenty. D.: DRIDU NADU, 2016.
  5. Pro spivrobitnytstvo terytorialnykh hromad: Zakon Ukrainy vid 17.06.2014 № 1508-VII. Retrieved from: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1508-18.
  6. Otsinka finansovoi spromozhnosti 665 OTH za 2018 rіk. Retrieved from: http://decentralization.gov.ua/pics/upload/126-d4337f74537ec0ecf8a900089fe7c305.pdf.
  7. Matsedonska N.V. Klividenko L.M. (2017). Detsentralizatsiia v Ukraini ta osnovni shliakhy yii vprovadzhennia v suchasnykh umovakh. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo: elektron. versiia zhurn. № Retrieved from: http://www.economyandsociety.in.ua/index.php/journal-8.
  8. Kutsenko T. F., Dudarenko Ye. Yu. (2017). Obiednani terytorialni hromady v Ukraini: korotkyi analitychnyi ohliad. Ekonomika ta derzhava : elektron. versiia zhurn, 3. Retrieved from: http://www.economy.in.ua/pdf/3_2017/15.pdf.
  9. Detsentralizatsiia v Ukraini: zakonodavchi novatsii ta suspilni spodivannia (2015). Kyiv : In-t zakonodavstva Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy.
  10. Pavliuk S. I. (2015) Rehuliuvannia sotsialno-ekonomichnoho rozvytku silskykh terytorii v umovakh detsentralizatsii : dys. kand. Mykolaiv, 2018.
  11. Sorokivska O. A., Mosii O. B., T. I. Kuzhda (2017). Reforma detsentralizatsii v Ukraini ta rozvytok mistsevoho samovriaduvannia. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia : Mizhnarodni ekonomichni vidnosyny ta svitove hospodarstvo, 14(2), 138-141.
  12. Murzanovskyi H. M. (2017). Reforma detsentralizatsii: peredumovy ta faktory stvorennia Baltskoi obiednanoi terytorialnoi hromady. Ekonomichni innovatsii: elektron. versiia zhurn, 65. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ecinn_2017_65_14.
  13. Zaiats T.A. (2017). Rozvytok silskykh poselen Ukrainy v umovakh detsentralizatsii: mozhlyvosti ta ryzyky. Demohrafiia ta sotsialna ekonomika: elektron. versiia zhurn, 3 (31). Retrieved from https://dse.org.ua/arhcive/31/4.pdf.

I.I. Cherven, S.I. Pavliuk. Important directions and problem aspects of agricultural cooperation development in Ukraine.

UDC 631.115.8:330.3(477)

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-4(100)-1

I.I. Cherven
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4268-8216
S.I. Pavliuk
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9093-5237

The article presents the results of studies about the effectiveness of spring barley crop cultivation with modern retriever preparations in the background of mineral fertilizers carried out in 2013-2017on the southern black soils in the Ukrainian Steppe. The options for plant nutrition significantly influenced the growth and development of spring barley varieties. So the plants were distinguished by their maximum height during the cultivation on the background of mineral fertilization and the extracorporeal fertilization of crops during the vegetation period with the Escort– bio.

The height of spring barley plants varied significantly and depended on the varietal characteristics. The highest linear height was characterized by the barley stalker variety, and the smallest variety was the Aeneas variety. Thus, for the cultivation without fertilizers, this indicator in the Aeneas variety was 65.9, the Adapt variety – 71.9, and the Stalker variety – 71.9 cm. By the applying of a moderate dose of mineral fertilizers, the height of the plants of these varieties in the phase of full grain maturity was respectively 72.5; 75.1 and 76.5 cm. The highest plants of spring barley during all years of our research were in the version of foliar application of crops during the period of vegetation with the modern preparation Escort – bio– 79.7 – 89.4 cm all this depends on the variety.

The applied fertilizers and weather conditions during the years of research significantly influenced the productivity of barley varieties. The lowest crop was formed in 2013, and the highest in 2016.

The maximum yield of barley varieties in all years of research was formed for cultivating by the applying a moderate dose of mineral fertilizers and foliar application of crops with Organic D2 and Escort – bio. Thus, on average, over the years of research and in terms of the factor, the grain yield was 3.37- 3.41t/ha, which exceeded its level by fertilized control at 0.71 – 0.75 t/ha or 26.7 – 28.2%, and in the back ground of making only mineral fertilizers – at 0.4  t/ha or 15.4%.

Іt was found that, taking into account the weather conditions and variants of plant nutrition, the variety plays an important role in the formation of spring barley yield. Thus, on average, during the years of research and by the factor of nutrition, the highest yield of the grain was formed by the plants of the Aeneas variety–3.36 t/ha, which exceeded the Stalker variety by 0.21 t/ha or 6.3%, and according to the Adapt variety – by 0.32 t/ha or 9.5%.

In the appropriate selection of varieties and optimization of plant nutrition conditions during the growing season, the basic processes of their growth and development are improved. By optimizing the nutrition of the crop is more intensive in the growth of top soils biomass of plants, which will further affect the formation of grain productivity of spring barley. Aeneas variety and the combination of the mineral fertilizers applying in a dose of N30P30 and non-root crop fertilization with Escort Bio. On average, during the years of our research, the highest yield of grain was formed by the plants of the Aeneas variety in the variant of mineral fertilization and fertilization of the Escort – bio – 3.61 t/ha.

Keywords: variety of, spring barley, plant nutrition, regulatory preparations, plant height, grain yield.

Reference

  1. Dovzhenko, V.A. (2018). Rol obsluhovuiuchoi kooperatsii u rozvytku silskohospodarskykh domohospodarstv. Kooperatyvni chytannia: 2018 rik: materialy vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (pp. 121-125). – Zhytomyr [in Ukrainian].
  2. Zinovchuk, V.V. (2018). Chy ochikuvaty Ukraini na kooperatyvnyi bum? Kooperatyvni chytannia: 2018 rik: materialy vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (pp. 7-11). – Zhytomyr [in Ukrainian].
  3. Lupenko, Yu.O., Malik, M.I., Shpykuliak, O.H. & et al. (2016). Rozvytok pidpryiemnytstva i kooperatsii: instytutsionalnyi aspekt. Kyiv: NNTs IAE.
  4. Moldovan, L.V. (2018). Zahrozy vitchyznianomu kooperatyvnomu zakonodavstvu ta yikh uperedzhennia. Kooperatyvni chytannia: 2018 rik: materialy vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (pp. 20-24). – Zhytomyr [in Ukrainian].
  5. Prylipko, S.M., Makushok, O.V. (2017). Rol mizhnarodnykh proektiv tekhnichnoi dopomohy u rozvytku obsluhovuiuchoi kooperatsii silskykh terytorii. Kooperatyvni chytannia: 2018 rik: materialy vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (pp.107-113). – Zhytomyr [in Ukrainian].
  6. Law of Ukraine on agricultural cooperation № 469/97-VR (1997, Jule 17). Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/469/97-вр?lang=en [in Ukrainian].
  7. Soiuz uchasnykiv silskohospodarskykh obsluhovuiuchykh kooperatyviv Ukrainy (2012). Prohrama rozvytku silskohospodarskykh obsluhovuiuchykh kooperatyviv na 2013-2020 rr.: proekt prohramy. Retrieved from: http://www.coop-union.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/ProgrammSOK_new_ver.pdf [in Ukrainian].
  8. State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2018). Agriculture of Ukraine for 2017. Retrieved from: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua [in Ukrainian].
  9. Lupenko, Yu.O. & Mesel-Veseliak, V.Ia. (2012). Stratehichni napriamy rozvytku silskoho hospodarstva Ukrainy na period do 2020 roku. Kyiv: NNTs «IAE». [in Ukrainian].