An overview of the current state of mechanized harvesting of corn for grain and prospects for development

UDC 631.355.072/1

V. Gruban,
A. Haleeva,
M. Shatohin

In the article the dynamics of growth of the increase of corn crops is considered and analyzed. The analysis of the state of the national park of maize harvesting equipment was carried out. The main directions of increasing the amount of corn harvesting are offered.

Key words: corn equipment, loss, seasonal load, logistics, harvest.

An overview of the current state of mechanized harvesting of corn for grain and prospects for development

Issue 2 (94), 2017

Analysis of construction solutions of pressure equipment

UDC 631.363:633.8

D. Babenko Ph.D., professor
E. Gorbenko Ph.D., associate professor
N. Dotsenko Ph.D.
N. Kim assistant researcher
Mykolayiv State Agrarian University

Introduction. The article analyzes the existing screw pressing mechanisms and structures of working bodies of lubrication presses.
Research methodology. Variety of constructions of screw pressing mechanisms is explained by different sphere of application of these machines and individual characteristics of separate production.
All screw pressing mechanisms can be divided into the characteristic structures of the working body (screw), body and matrix into three groups.
Solving the problem of loading and moving artificial material, caused the need to create multi-presses. Initially, designs were developed with screw counter-rotation of identical length, constant step and cutting profile. In the course of further development, there were numerous variants, as well as designs with more than two screws and different geometry of working bodies.
The results. Increasing the efficiency of production, the creation of modern technologies and machines of the new generation are among the factors that ensure the stable work of the enterprises of processing industries.
Efficiently working press should provide the necessary performance and deep press with optimum technical and economic indicators.
The method of cold pressing of oil-bearing vegetable raw material allows to receive the main and auxiliary products without preliminary grinding, heat treatment and with less energy consumption. In the processing industry and in the field of forage preparation, machines with a working organ in the form of a single auger became the most widespread.
Conclusions. Along with all the advantages, complex polygonal machines with different types of working bodies, have not found wide application in the processing industries due to the complex manufacturing technology and the great complexity. On the contrary, single-screw machines, in all their drawbacks, do not yield to productivity, quality of production and cost-effectiveness of twin-screw presses.

Key words: Screw, press, pressure, press, vegetable oil, efficiency, profitability, productivity.

Analysis of construction solutions of pressure equipment

Issue 2 (94), 2017

Research on penetration of optical infrared radiation in covers of bees

UDC 681.518.3

O. Prudka,
N. Kundenko

In this work we conducted an analysis of the existing physical and chemical methods of treating bees for Varroatosis. It is shown that all chemical methods do not contribute to the production of biologically pure products, and the influence of physical methods often drives bees into an incompetent state. We proposed and investigated a physical method that would be more appropriate to the well-being of bees. This method is based on the creation of a limited space, to which the beekeeping operation is confined to, before treating it with a highly dispersive material, for instance, starch, and dispersed in all directions by electromagnetic radiation – in our case, by infrared radiation. First of all, to create an effective installation, we need to know certain operation parameters which in the future will help you choose the right settings for the installation. In this assessment, we perform mathematical calculations of the flux of optical radiation, which effectively penetrates through the bee cover. In this work, mathematical calculations for the flux of optical radiation, which effectively penetrates into the bee cover were investigated. For a more accurate calculation, we take into account the diverse composition of cells that each layer of the shell is made up of. It is important that all cells in their composition have water in a free or bound form. The results of cytological studies show that the closer the cells are to the surface of the cover, the less their biological functioning, that is, the cell has less water. Accordingly, before changing the amount of water in the cells, they change their optical properties, so that the corresponding spheres of the cover also change their properties. Considering this calculation of the optical radiation flux, which effectively penetrates into the bee cover, it becomes much more complicated. Therefore, here we calculated the optical radiation fluxes that are absorbed efficiently, as well as the optical radiation fluxes that are scattered in each of the cover layers.

Key words: bee, cove shell, Varroatosis, optical stream, infrared.

Research on penetration of optical infrared radiation in covers of bees

Issue 2 (94), 2017

Neural network prediction parameters of quality of electrical energy

UDC 621.316

O. Miroshnyk

Electric energy supplied by energy-supplying organizations to consumers under contracts acts as a special kind of product, characterized by a coincidence combination of timely production, transportation and consumption, as well as -ability to store and return it. Accordingly, as the product of any kind, the concept of “quality” applies to electricity. The deviation of power quality from established standards worsens the operating conditions of electrical installations of both the network and consumers. One of the main and most important regime parameters determining the quality of electricity are asymmetry and non-sinusoidal pressures in triple phase networks. These pressures lead to additional voltage deviations at the terminals of consumers, increased losses in network elements and electric receivers, and deterioration of the operating conditions of electrical equipment. In this regard, we are presented with the problem of assessing the damage from low-quality electricity, which is expressed in additional losses of electrical energy and in reducing the service life of equipment. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is necessary to measure the quality of electrical energy at the substation, and to estimate how much distribution network losses will increase in comparison with the network operation mode, where the quality indices of electric power quality do not exceed permissible limits, and how this may shorten the equipment’s service life. For this purpose, we use a mathematical apparatus (device/equipment?) based on neural networks. A neural network was constructed to predict the economic indicators of the electric network and the compatibility of consumers with it. A method has been developed that can evaluate and predict the signs of the main and additional indicators of the quality of electrical energy, and the network can provide a reduction in costs in the prevention of emergencies. The results of these studies can be used in various areas for forecasting the parameters of technical systems and aggregates, and used to prevent emergencies. A neural network has been constructed that allows the use of information about the 0.38 / 0.22 kV network mode in real time. And if necessary, it can also be used to control the network mode, in order to reduce the imbalance of currents and to reduce additional losses of electric energy.

Key words: neural network, forecasting, quality of electrical energy.

Neural network prediction parameters of quality of electrical energy

Issue 2 (94), 2017

Calculation of the cross section of the arc with the minimum weight of the construction

UDC 624.014

V. Shebanin, V. Bogza, S. Bogdanov, I. Hilko

The paper shows the main approaches to the calculation method of cross-sections of the structural element of the arch that meets the condition of reliability and the corresponding the minimum weight of the arch structure. The calculation is performed in the design of optimal arch designs, which is designing the structure so that all cross sections of the structural element of the arch of reliability was given, and the weight of the arch structure was the minimum possible.
The use of light arches with a given reliability saves metal and reducing the cost of the design and determines the prospects of applying such structures in buildings and agricultural buildings.

Key words: Cross-section of the arch, the cross-sectional area of the arch, the length of the cross section of the arch, a structural element of the arch, the margin of safety, reliability and durability of the steel structure, the stability of the metal framework, independent of the random variable.

Calculation of the cross section of the arc with the minimum weight of the construction

Issue 2 (94), 2017

The technology of cultivation and evaluation of boars according to their own fertility іn the SGPP “TEKHMET-UG” in Mykolaiv region

UDC 636.082:338.43

S.Galimov , candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor,
Mykolayiv national Agricultural University

The article analyzes the technology of cultivation of breeding boars in the conditions of private agricultural enterprise “Techmet-Ug”, based in Mykolayiv region. To raise repair boars, a separate room is set up, meeting all the requirements on the technology of housing, feeding and further training on the Scarecrow. The analysis of breeding boars and their fertility examined the following parameters: rate of growth (days), average daily gain (g), feed costs per 1 kg of gain (feed.ed.), in vivo backfat thickness (mm) and body length (cm).
Analyzed on their own performance, were about 137 breeding boars, including 39 heads of Landrace, 74 head pietrain, 16 heads of large white breed and 8 designated crossbred boars.
It was found that for high performance on precocity (early maturaion)found in crossbred boars, they reached a live weight of 100 kg 21.3 days earlier than boars of the large white breed (P<0.01), and 4.5 to 7.5 days earlier than the analogous breeds Pietrain and Landrace, here the difference is statistically insignificant. Analysis of the results of the control of growing boars showed that with the exception of the length of the body, all signs of productivity are characterized by high variability and have a large range: it happens that the greatest value of a characteristic of 2.0 to 2.5 times higher than the minimum values (average daily gain, feed costs, backfat thickness). From the crossbred boars at 7 months of age, best sperm production was distinguished by precocious during the period from 7 to 12 months late-maturing hog. Consistently for all estimates, regardless of the amount of ejaculate, only in the Landrace breed is the best, sperm production was characterized by boars with high growth rate. The study established that the rate of sperm production showed differences depending on the breed and age of boar. High growth rate is not always matched with the best indicators of the quality and quantity of sperm obtained, and vice versa.

Key words: pigs, boars-producers, artificial insemination, control growth, sperm production ejaculate.

The technology of cultivation and evaluation of boars according to their own fertility іn the SGPP “TEKHMET-UG” in Mykolaiv region

Issue 2 (94), 2017

Dependence of reproduction quality of pig population on the season of the year

UDC 636.4.082

A. Starodubets,
A. Bondar

The results of researches of influence of the season on the reproduction quality of pig population are given. The differences of sows reproductive internals indexes in different seasons during five years are determined, the best months of the year according to the indexes of impregnation and polycarpousness of sows are revealed. It is marked that insemination in May and farrows in August and September allows to get the maximal indexes of the productivity.

Key words: season of the year, sow, reproduction, general number of piglings, polycarpousness.

Dependence of reproduction quality of pig population on the season of the year

Issue 2 (94), 2017

Using efficient technological solutions for feeding pigs in farming conditions

UDC 636.4.084

Yu. Dekhtiar,
Y. Barkar,
I. Galushko

One of the ways to provide the population with pork production is the development of farms occupied with the pig breeding.
Therefore, the aim of our research was to find and implement efficient technological solutions for feeding pigs in farming conditions.
There are several ways to organize a full-fledged feeding of pigs in farming conditions. The first stage is the use of ready-made purchased complete mixed fodders, provided with all necessary nutrients. The advantage of using ready-made mixed fodders is that the farm does not need manufacturing equipment for preliminary preparation of mixed fodders before feeding and for mixing components, it is not necessary to purchase feed additives, to control the quality of mixing components, to spend time searching for components of mixed fodders and to control their quality, and it is also not necessary to carry out difficult calculations to optimize the nutritional value of mixed fodders. The essential disadvantage of using purchased ready-mixed fodders is their high prices, which determine the level of profitability of the pig industry in the range of 17-29%.
The second option is the use in the feeding of pigs of mixed fodders of own production in the manufacturing of which cereal crops – wheat, corn, barley and protein-vitamin-mineral additives – are used. At this stage it is necessary to use equipment for preliminary preparation of mixes fodders and mixture, and to provide quality control of these operations. In addition, it is necessary to control the quality of purchased cereal crops. Using this technology, it is possible to obtain profitability of pork production in the range of 21-35%.
The third technological solution for feeding pigs is its own production of mixed fodders in the manufacturing of which premixes, grain cereals are used, and for balancing the protein oil cakes and sunflower meal are used. A technological feature of this solution is the control of preliminary preparation of mixed fodders, mixture, and the quality checking of oil cakes and sunflower meal for the presence of protein and cellulose. In addition, it is necessary to control the soybean cake and meal for the activity of the urease enzyme.
The use of this technology allows obtaining profitability of pork production in the range of 39-51%.
The obtained results give us an opportunity to assert that the most economically profitable is the technology of feeding pigs with mixed fodders of own production in the manufacturing of which purchased premixes, cereal crops and protein components are used, on condition that the quality of feed stock, as well as the technological processes and operations in the production of mixed fodders are controlled.

Key words: mixed feed, technology, own production, protein-mineral-vitamin supplement, premix, profitability.

Using efficient technological solutions for feeding pigs in farming conditions

Issue 2 (94), 2017

Evaluation of flow-shop system of milk production

UDC 623.2.034.083

T. V. Pidpala,
U. S. Matashnuk

The result of the analysis by the technological cards and sequence movement is established that cows are distributed into the technological groups by physiologically technological periods and placed in appropriate shops: the cows which had the calf, milking and artificial insemination, production of milk, persistent to moister cows.
It is established that cows of the experimental group have advantages by the level of milk productivity. For the same duration of lactation period it was received from them for 907 kg (P>0,999) more milk in the first lactation period than from animals of the controlled group. At the same time, the firstborn of the experimental group is dominated by the amount of milk fat and milk protein. The difference compared to peers in the controlled group was 32.6 kg (P>0,999) and 27.4 kg (P>0,999). Cows of the experimental group are characterized by the more stable lactation curve compared to the animals of the research group.
It was found that the cows which gave birth at first in the experimental group showed up the highest daily milk production in the third month of lactation (42.8 kg) and after moving these cows to a milk production department, its amount began to decrease quickly. We see a different tendency in the animals of the experimental group. The extended period of their staying in the shop of the first milking and insemination helps to maximize the productivity of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed. They showed up the highest daily milk production in the fourth month of lactation (43.5 kg) and their milk amount gradually decreases, which led to a high level of milk production.
The results of the study proved that distributing of cows by physiological status into technology groups and keeping them in their relevant departments according to the flow-shop system allows unifying the operating conditions of dairy cattle according to their biological needs. It was established that the duration of staying cows in the shop of the first milking and insemination up to 180-200 lactation days helps to maintain a high level of milk productivity in animals and to increase total production.

Key words: technology, flow-shop system, cows, production, lactation, lactation curve.

Evaluation of flow-shop system of milk production

Issue 2 (94), 2017

Economic efficiency of pedigree pig breeding South of Ukraine

UDC 636.082:338.43

O. Vyshnevska,
V. Melnyk,
O. Kravchenko

In this research work the theoretical and practical problems of increasing of the economic efficiency of pig breeding and its impact on pork production on the farms of the Southern region of Ukraine are researched. The results of breeding farms activity, the dynamics of their production and economic indicators are analized the patterns of formation of pig breeding economic efficiency and factors that influence its level are studied. Proposals of the main directions of pig production, the need to further improve ment of selection and breeding work, its organization and improvement of the economic efficiency of pork production on the farms of all types of propertyare substantiated.

Key words: pork production, breeding, breeding economy, efficiency, cost price, price, profit, profitability, breeding sows, breeding boar.

Economic efficiency of pedigree pig breeding South of Ukraine

Issue 2 (94), 2017