Tymchuk C., Kundenko P., Vakhonina L., Mardziavko V. Organization and management of the technological process of the elevator for improvement of quality grain indicators

UDC 62-1/-9

 

C. Tymchuk

P. Kundenko

L. Vakhonina

V. Mardziavko

 

This article presents an analysis of transport and technological lines in the elevator, which are provided by an automated control system.The relevance of this topic is justified on the basis of the mismatch of elevator productivity to modern needs and volumes of grain products. As the organizational and functional structure of elevator complexes remains without significant changes, which directly affects the characteristics of the management of the technological process of transportation and as a consequence on the quality of grain products.And since the volumes and requirements will always only increase, the question arises in the increased efficiency of elevator processes under the same conditions, with possible changes that will result in modernization, optimization and improvement of the process itself without changing the technological layout of equipment. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the methods of transportation of grain products at the elevator complex, with the subsequent definition of methods to improve the productivity of the enterprise. During the study of the control process and technological routes of the elevator complex, the structural control scheme and the algorithm for laying the route of grain movement at the specified coordinates were analyzed. According to the found shortcomings, one of the directions of increase and improvement of technological process on the elevator was defined, which consists in improvement of control algorithms in the direction of optimization of technological processes of the elevator on many criteria(minimum energy consumption, minimum grain combat, minimum transportation time), which should improve not only performance but also product quality. From which comes the taskin optimizing the modes and structural parameters of control of the electromechanical complex of the elevator, by improving existing and developing new methods, software and hardware means of operational intervention in the modes of electromechanical equipment of the elevator to improve energy saving and product quality.

Keywords: transport-technological line, SCADA system, quality of grain products, optimization criteria, elevator.

 

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4 (112), 2021

Title
Context
ECONOMICAL SCIENCES
V. Shebanin, G. Reshetilov. Circular economy of the region: theoretical aspect 4
Novikov O., Potryvaieva N., Sharata N., Korkhova M., Chernova A., Karpenko M. Effiency of seed production in the context of development of the Southern region of Ukraine. 12
Yu. Kormyshkin, V. Umanska. Effective tools for personnel management in local governmentsу 23
Y. Ratushna. Marketing studies of grain market conjuncture (the niche crops) 33
T. Gorokhova. The influence of the development of digital technologies on consumer behaviour 43
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Antypova L., Chornyy S. Weed control and sunflower productivity in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine 53
TECHNICAL SCIENCES
S. Bondar, A. Trubnikova, O. Chabanova, T. Sharachmatova, T. Nedobiichuk. Application of nanofiltration for regulation of properties of secondary products of processing of animal raw materials 63
N. Povarova. Influence of functional feeding of young chickens-browser of meat cross on meat quality and safety 75
A. Demydova. Investigation of the relationship between oxidation kinetics and deterioration of sensory characteristics of vegetable oils 86
C. Tymchuk, P. Kundenko, L. Vakhonina, V. Mardziavko. Organization and management of the technological process of the elevator for improvement of quality 96

A. Demydova. Investigation of the relationship between oxidation kinetics and deterioration of sensory characteristics of vegetable oils

UDC 664.34

A Demidova

National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”

One of the main problems of deterioration in the quality and safety of fats is their potential for oxidative spoilage. This problem is associated with the appearance of rancidity in fats. The primary products of oxidation – hydroperoxides do not smell and do not affect the taste of fats. However, the products of their transformation are secondary oxidation products, among which aldehydes, ketones, spites, hydroxy acids, epoxy compounds, etc. have their own taste and aroma. Aldehydes have a particularly low odor threshold, they are the main secondary oxidation products for fats with a high unsaturated fatty acid content. Octanal, nonanal, decanal, (E)-2-decenal, neanoic acid have the greatest influence on the sensation of rancidity in vegetable oils. The purpose of the research is to establish a connection between the formation of a feeling of bitterness in vegetable oils and the content of the main oxidation products – hydroperoxides and aldehydes, ie to find the possibility to predict the moment of oil rancidity using peroxide value and / or anisidine number. The article investigated the kinetics of oxidation of unrefined vegetable oils (soybean, sunflower, linseed, corn, rapeseed) at 28 ° C by changing the value of peroxide and anisidine numbers. The degree of oxidative resistance according to changes and peroxide and anisidine numbers of crude oils can be arranged in the following series (as stability decreases): soybean oil> corn oil> rapeseed oil> sunflower oil> linseed oil. During oxidation at 28 ° C and access to oxygen, oils accumulated significant amounts of hydroperoxides (up to 160 – 180 mmol 1/2O/kg). However, a sharp increase in the amount of aldehydes and generally high values of anisidine numbers was not observed, which is associated with a low oxidation temperature and the absence of rapid destruction of peroxides. Oils with high peroxide number values did not impair their sensory characteristics. The study proved the presence of a correlation between the moment of exiting the induction period according to the data of anisidine numbers and the onset of rancidity of all the studied oils. Thus, using the anisidine number indicator, it is possible to predict the moment of oil rancidity – not only by qualitative and quantitative research of volatile compound oils, but also using a simpler common method – the anisidine number.

Key words: oxidation, rancidity, vegetable oils, anisidine number, aldehydes, peroxide number, hydroperoxides.

 

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N. Povarova. Influence of functional feeding of young chickens-browser of meat cross on meat quality and safety

UDK 637.54’65.05

 

N.M. Povarova, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

Odesa National Academy of Food Technologies

The article reveals the essence of the concept of “circular economy” and offers its own definition of this concept as a way of economic development, where the value of products, materials and resources is preserved as long as possible, and waste is significantly reduced or even eliminated. It is determined that the main goal of the circular economy is to create new alternative economic approaches, the task of which is to minimize the negative human impact on the environment.

The model of circular economy based on R-principles of its realization is considered. It is concluded that the 10-R model assumes that the higher the R-ladder, the less resource will be used. Thus, the transition from 3-R model to 10-R model makes you think consciously about the raw materials used in the design process.

It is established that the spread of the circular economy to the national and international level should be combined with the development of the regional economy, namely, starting from one settlement, and then spreading to the whole region. The study identified that the region’s circular economy aims to strengthen the region’s resilience by limiting its dependence on resource inflows, including optimizing the use of materials and energy for the benefit of the regional economy.

It is argued that regions play an important role in the circular transition: first, they play key responsibilities in key sectors of the circular economy, such as transport and solid waste; second, they are laboratories for innovation and experimentation; third, cities in the regions can be promoters, intermediaries and promote the circular economy, with shared responsibility with national governments and stakeholders. The review of the material revealed that the main areas of development of the circular economy of the region are construction, mobility and transportation, food, products and services.

It is established that financial support in the implementation of the circular economy of the region can take various forms, such as grants, loans, tax benefits or investment guarantees, which are offered directly to the public sector or provided through other entities. The advantages (new opportunities for growth and innovation, as well as savings related to resource efficiency) and disadvantages (there is an inability to measure its impact on all sectors of the region) from the introduction and development of circular economy in the region are outlined.

The study concluded that the region’s circular economy offers a new, more rational approach to resource management, including waste. At the same time, regional authorities play an important role in launching and accelerating the transition to a circular economy, setting an example by setting clear frameworks or directly supporting local and regional stakeholders in a greener economy. The circular economy promotes sustainable management of natural resources and helps shape a more sustainable, prosperous and sustainable future for all. To implement it, it is necessary to provide the necessary management conditions and existing economic conditions, namely: updating the regulatory framework; agreed policies, informed and involved stakeholders; monitoring and evaluation of progress and results; clear and reliable business incubators are created.

Key words: cyclicity, circular economy, region, circular economy model, advantages.

 

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20. Bao, Y.M., M. Choct, P. A. Iji, and K. Bruerton. (2007). Effect of organical-ly complexed copper, iron, manganese, and zinc on broiler performance, mineral ex-cretion, and accumulation in tissues. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 16:448–455.
21. Bauermeister, L. J., U. Morey, E. T. Moran, M. Singh, C. M. Owens, and S. R. McKee. (2009). Occurrence of white striping in chicken breast fillets in relation to broiler size. Poult. Sci. 88(Suppl. 1):33 (Abstr.).

 

S. Bondar, A. Trubnikova, O. Chabanova, T. Sharachmatova, T. Nedobiichuk. Application of nanofiltration for regulation of properties of secondary products of processing of animal raw materials

UDC 637.247:637.044-021.146.4

 

S. Bondar

A. Trubnikov

O. Chabanova

T. Sharakhmatova

T. Nedobiychuk

Odesa National Academy of Food Technologies

 

An important problem of the food industry remains the processing of secondary material resources, in particular, buttermilk. The problem is closely related to environmental issues. Due to the favorable chemical composition in the environment, where wastewater from the relevant industries enters, the microflora develops intensively. This fact affects the main indicators of hydrosphere pollution. Establishing strict requirements for the degree of pollution can stimulate the development of innovative environmental projects, for example, with the use of membrane processes. Membrane technologies, in particular nanofiltration, are an effective tool to help process buttermilk. Energy efficiency, versatility, versatility and other significant advantages are determining the growing use of applications. The spread of membrane technologies is facilitated by the fact that environmental legislation pays special attention to the problem of contamination of wastewater from dairy enterprises. Such enterprises are defined as extremely important for the pollution of the hydrosphere and lithosphere. In addition, the dairy industry today remains a major food industry in terms of membrane equipment and technology. Among the processes of utilization of serum and buttermilk removal of lactose and minerals are developed most intensively. Membrane technologies have recently become a profitable alternative to the demineralization of dairy products by ion exchange and electrodialysis. It is also important to have a minimal impact on the natural value of raw materials. This is due to the “mild” processing conditions and the lack of phase transition of the liquid.

This article focuses on the study of the membrane concentration process using nanofiltration membranes in relation to butterfly ultrafiltrates. Nanofiltration allows highly efficient separation of lactose from inorganic substances. In practice, nanofiltration membranes made of organic and mineral polymers are used. Two types of nanofiltration membranes of Vladimor OPMN are investigated in order to identify the main dependences of filtration. Flat polyamide membranes are to be tested. Membranes are part of a laboratory installation of flat frame type. Testing is performed in a flow periodic mode. For each type of membrane, a pressure in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 MPa and a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C are applied. The specific productivity and selectivity of the tested membranes and their dependence on nanofiltration treatment factors are the main subject of research. The results indicate that both types of membranes effectively retain lactose at a pressure of 2.0 MPa, a temperature of 40 ° C and a concentration factor of about 2. Variation of the flow rate over the membrane from 0.5 m / s to 1.5 m / s allows you to get increase in specific productivity by 15% from the initial. The influence of the effects of concentration polarization on the specific productivity of nanofiltration membranes of the OPMN type is established. The limitation of the concentration factor due to the increase in the osmotic pressure of the solution is determined. The conclusion is made about the need to study the processes of membrane regeneration.

Key words: buttermilk, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, lactose, membrane concentration.

 

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L. Antypova, S. Chornyy. Weed control and sunflower productivity in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

UDC 332.338

 

L. Antypova

S. Chornyy

Mykolaiv National Agrarian University

 

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the methods of basic tillage and herbicide Euro-Lightning® Plus on weediness of crops and the formation of productivity of Pioner P64LP130 sunflower hybrid in the South of Ukraine. Research results. On average, in 2020-2021, the expenditure of moisture by crops on the formation of the unit of yield is reduced by the application of the herbicide, which is due to a decrease in weeding. The height of sunflower plants for cultivation on the background of shallow shelf-free basic tillage and herbicide-free technology was 139 cm, while for plowing to a depth of 28-30 cm this indicator increased by 6 cm. for chemical weeding of crops against the background of deep (28-30 cm) shelfless main tillage – 179 cm. Weather conditions also significantly affect this indicator: in drier conditions during the growing season 2020, plant height ranged from 123-130 cm in areas not protected from weeds by herbicides) up to 146-151 cm – in the options of chemical weeding of crops, in more humid conditions in 2021 – from 155-159 cm to 170-179 cm, respectively. The number of weeds in the period of harvesting sunflower seeds by herbicide-free technology, on average on all backgrounds of tillage, was 144 pieces/m2. Due to the spraying of crops with herbicides, this figure decreased by 89.6%. During plowing for the period of sunflower harvest, the dry weight of weeds under control was 449 g m2. Due to the chemical weeding, this indicator decreased by 86.2%. The herbicide showed higher biological efficiency (87.4%) in the model of sunflower seed production against the background of deep tillage. The average yield in the experiment in 2020 was 2.31 t/ha, i.e. was lower by 0.99 t/ha compared to more moisture in 2021. More efficient with herbicide-free technology is the production of sunflower seeds on the background of deep plowing (yield reached 2.50 t/ha), while 2.33 t/ha were formed during deep tillage, and only 2.21 t/ha of seeds during shallow tillage. More effective was the technology of growing sunflowers using the chemical method of weed control against the background of deep shelfless loosening of the soil. The yield reached the level of 3.36 t/ha, i.e. 1.03 t/ha more seeds were formed compared to the control crop (without herbicides). Conclusion. The growth and development of sunflower plants depends on the degree of weed infestation, which ultimately affects its productivity. During chemical weeding of crops, moisture is used more sparingly for seed formation, especially against the background of deep non-shelf basic tillage. During plowing for the period of sunflower harvest, the dry weight of weeds under control was 449 g/m2. Due to herbicide spraying, this indicator decreased by 86.2%. The herbicide showed higher biological efficiency (87.4%) for seed production against the background of deep tillage. Seed yields are also significantly affected by weather conditions during the growing season of the crop, the methods of basic tillage. More efficient (with herbicide technology) is the production of sunflower seeds on the background of deep plowing (yield 2.50 t/ha). During chemical weeding of crops against the background of deep tillage, this indicator reached the level of 3.36 t/ha.

 

Key words: sunflower, weediness, methods of basic tillage, weather conditions, productivity.

 

References:

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4. Maslak O. Current state and prospects of the sunflower market. URL: http://agro-business.com.ua/agro/ekonomichnyi-hektar/item/8977-potochnyi-stan-ta-perspektyvy-rynku-soniashnyku.html
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24. Antipova L.K. Influence of the main tillage on its water-physical properties and formation of alfalfa root system. Scientific works: scientific method. magazine. Ecology. Mykolaiv, Moscow State University P. Mogili, 2002. Vip. 8. pp. 101–105.

T. Gorokhova. The influence of the development of digital technologies on consumer behaviour

UDK 332.338

 

T. Gorokhova

 

Azov State Technical University

 

The article analyzes various aspects of the impact of new digital technologies on consumer behavior. With the necessity of sociological interpretation and understanding of digital reality as a large-scale socio-economic phenomenon, the search for social determinants of consumer behavior in these conditions is formulated. Digital technologies are promising tools for the social construction of consumer behavior is argued. Theoretical approaches to the study of consumer behavior are investigated. The factors of the digital environment that influence the behavior of customers are highlighted. The significant influence of digital marketing on consumer behavior has been noted. The connection between the sharing economy and changes in consumer behavior is noted. The article analyzes the impact of digital technologies and the development of digital platforms on changing consumer behavior. In a critical analysis of the functioning of the joint economy, its impact on modern socio-economic processes is assessed.

 The directions of the influence of technological changes on the behavior of customers and emerging demand are investigated. The article discusses the relevance of using social media to promote goods and services in the Internet environment.

Consumer behaviour in the digital age, digital marketing strategies, digital business models such as mobile applications or the sharing economy have been studied. The concept of digital strategies is revealed: content marketing, user experience, influencers marketing, user-generated content, digital word of mouth.

That the possibilities of the modern digital economy form a new type of consumers integrated into various communities and having no informational barriers was proved.

It should be noted that more and more often the choice of goods or services is helped by modern people to make their devices, providing the ability to navigate through the endless Internet space. It was revealed that the main segment of consumers in the digital environment is the representatives of the younger generation – millennials, who are inextricably linked with personal smartphones that help them search for goods. 

Keywords: consumer behaviour, digital economy, digital technologies, strategies.

 

References:

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Y. Ratushna. Marketing studies of grain market conjuncture (the niche crops)

UDC 65868/456;34

 

Y. Ratushna

 

Vinnytsia Trade and Economic Institute of KNTEU

 

Results of modern marketing studies of grain market conjuncture, in particular niche crops in Ukraine, have been analyzed in the article. It has been found that grain market has undeniable advantages over other forms of organizing economic relationships. It has been resumed that the niche crops are the crops, which are not typical for the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and therefore little grown. Among such crops are often those that are in great demand at the markets of other countries and at the same time are expensive. Due to this fact, if you show sufficient mastery in organization of business, the production of niche crops will be characterized by increased profitability. The prospects of growing niche crops have been described and the existing situation at grain market and the grain crops conjuncture have been outlined. It has been emphasized that nowadays in Ukraine soybeans and rape are gradually entering the category of niche crops, which, due to higher margins in comparison with traditional sunflower and corn, today produce not only small farmers, but also huge agricultural companies. The same fact can be noted on peas and lentils – their crops increase every year. Whereas the area under mustard, on the contrary, is reduced. The sorghum niche spreads so fast that experts predict increasing in the medium term prospects of its crops from the current 40 thousand hectares to 1.5 million hectares, and in especially arid regions of Ukraine, sorghum may well replace corn.

It has been resumed that many factors for Ukraine’s development and entry into the legume market, the main are: a huge distribution market, promotion of a healthy lifestyle in the world, transition of most from eating meat to soy products, increasing the number of population in Muslim countries, where most people cannot allow buying such expensive product as meat, and completely replace it with soybean products, as well as what is important in the agricultural business, the ability of legumes to revive soil fertility. It has been defined that Ukraine, traditionally, is one of the leading exporters in the sunflower market it is related, first of all, to appropriate climate and soil. The largest number of sunflower seeds was sent to Turkey and Italy. 41% of the whole Ukrainian export of sunflower seeds came in Turkey, so 17% in Italy. A small share of exports of oilseeds were flax and peanut seeds, 0.14 and 0.02 thousand tons, in accordance. Totally 12.9 thousand tons of flax seeds were exported from Ukraine, the largest to Bangladesh and Poland, 1.6 and 1.4 thousand tons, in accordance. The segmentation of crop market operators in relation to the production of niche crops has been analyzed.

Key words: grain, niche crops, conjuncture, market, marketing, price, distribution, distribution prospects, infrastructure.

 

References:

1. Artjuh, T.O. (2010), “Marketing aspects of ensuring the activity of agricultural enterprises-producers of vegetable products”, Agrosvit. vol. 6, pp. 57—60.
2. Buriak, R.I. (2016) Marketing research of crop products markets: monograph. Kyiv: Ukraine
3. agropolit.com (2020), “The known forecast of grain exports in the 2020/2021 marketing year”, [Online], available at:: https://agropolit.com/news/18560-vidomiy-prognoz-eksportu-zernovih-u-2020-2021-marketingovomu-rotsi (Accessed 10 August 2021).
4. Vlasjuk, V. Maksjuta, A. and Povazhnjuk, S. (2020), Ekonomichne vidrodzhennja cherez industrial’nyj rozvytok Ukrai’ny [Economic revival through the industrial development of Ukraine], Povnokolir, Harkiv, Ukraine
5. Demchak, I.M. Mytchenok, O.O. and Trofimova, G.V. (2020), Zovnishn’otorgovel’nyj obig produkcii’ APK [Foreign trade turnover of agricultural products], Ukragropromproductivnist Research Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine.
6. State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2020) [Online], available at: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/. (Accessed 10 August 2021).
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Yu. Kormyshkin, V. Umanska. Effective tools for personnel management in local governments

UDC 352.08

 

Yu.  Kormyshkin

VV Umanska

Mykolaiv National Agrarian University

 

Management is the basis for the effective functioning of any organization, including local governments. Achieving high results of local government is impossible without the introduction of innovative approaches to personnel management processes.

The literature emphasizes the key role that the workforce plays in the activities of companies. However, although this topic has been widely studied in the private sector, little research has focused on public administration, especially in local governments. To fill this gap, this study addresses a number of theoretical plan issues and practical recommendations for effective human resource management tools in local governments.

The main task of HR-managers is to build a personnel management system, which allows the greatest implementation of creative initiatives of employees at all levels of the hierarchy. The first stage in the HR cycle is search and recruitment. An important stage of recruitment is the search for candidates. In order to expand the possibility of attracting more qualified staff and promote the vacancy, it is necessary to pay attention to additional vacancies.

It was investigated that newly appointed employees, as a rule, lack practical experience in local governments, which leads to a decrease in productivity and quality of performance of tasks set by the community. We believe that it is possible to solve this problem by carrying out high-quality and systematic adaptation of employees. The most popular form of adaptation of employees today is the method of mentoring. The modern use of this method is the use of badding.

One of the most important tasks of improving personnel management is to ensure staff development. We believe that it is appropriate to increase the professional qualification level of employees by forming systems of continuous corporate training. Among modern methods of staff development of local governments we have singled out – E-learning. The use of E-learning is possible with the help of an educational platform – Knowledge Management. Thus, the proposed tools allow local governments to increase the efficiency of human resource management, which will contribute to the economic growth of the local community as a whole.

Key words: personnel, personnel management, local self-government bodies, territorial communities

 

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O. Novikov, N. Potryvaieva, N. Sharata, M Korkhova, A. Chernova, M. Karpenko. Efficiency of seed production in the context of development of the southern region of Ukraine

UDC 631.53.01.003.13(477.7)

 

O. Novikov

N. Potryvaieva

N.Sharata

M. Korkhova

A. Chernova

M. Karpenko

Mykolaiv National Agrarian University

 

The article highlights the project of seed production in the main area of grain production – the southern region, improving the agricultural education system, in particular in the training of specialists in “Seed Production”, which consists of research and development and their direction to create and implement new competitive technologies for seed production, grain crops and the introduction of the most effective innovative methods of teaching disciplines “Breeding and Seed Production”, “Seed Science” on the basis of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (MNAU).

The authors analyze the need to create and operate a Center for the production of basic and certified seeds of new varieties of basic cereals in natural and artificial moisture in southern Ukraine with the participation of research institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, industrial enterprises of Ukraine, members of Consortium (TRPC) “Southern”, the Southern Interregional Research Center of NAAS and providing quality seeds to agricultural producers. Such integration of science, education and production will help improve the quality of education in the training of specialists in “Seed Production” in “Agronomy”, provide producers with high quality seeds of new varieties recommended for distribution in the Southern region and provide them with scientific and practical recommendations on new seed technologies. To implement the MNAU project, stable conditions have been created for growing cereal seeds and a scientific base for studying the adaptive characteristics of promising varieties for irrigated lands, 400 hectares of modern irrigation using the latest Zimmatic sprinklers. Since 2014, more than 200 varieties of grain crops of all breeding centers of Ukraine and foreign originators have been tested, the results of which can be found annually at the International and All-Ukrainian Field Days and in the Variety Catalog. Preparatory work on the purchase and commissioning of a mobile universal cleaning machine SSC 60/10 based on Petcus P-12 for pre-sowing preparation of cereal seeds.

It is determined that tax revenues to the budget for the years of project implementation with a total value of 12668.7 thousand UAH. will amount to UAH 3,958.5 thousand. UAH, return on investment 144.32%, and the payback period is 2.6 years. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of world developments and own research on the analysis of seed production in the southern region, establishing the impact of varietal characteristics under irrigation on grain productivity and yield of conditioned seeds of winter wheat, winter barley and spring barley in recent years, taking into account weather and climatic conditions identify correlations between the main factors and build economic and mathematical models, identify the most potentially high-yielding and adapted to arid conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine varieties, develop seed production technology for each studied variety that will ensure high competitiveness and food security of Ukraine in the international market.

Keywords: seed production, grain crops, varieties, irrigation, economic efficiency, project

 

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