№2(102)2019

Phytopathogenic bacteria in the pathology of forest trees of Polyssya and forest-steppe of Ukraine

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UDC 630*436:630*17(477)

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2019-2(102)-4

 

А. Goychuk
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
F. Drozda
Ukrainian laboratory of quality and safety of AIC production
І. Kulbanska
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
М. Shvets
Zhytomyr National Agroecological University

 

     The results of many years of experimental research of bacterial pathology of forest trees in Ukraine are presented. At present, from Scotch pine isolated Pseudomonas syringae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Enterobacter nimipressuralis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus and various systematic and functional groups of mycomycetes.
     It was found that the causative agent of bacterial dropsy of birch in Ukraine is the polybiotroph E. nimipressuralis the pathogenicity of which was proved in the experiment, and associated with it Xanthomonas campestris, P. agglomerans, B. subtilis and mycomicetes from the departments Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Deuteromycota. From tuberculosis Ash isolated and identified P. syringae pv. savastanoi, P. fluorescens, P. syringae, Pseudomonas sp., Erwinia herbicola, E. horticola, Xanthomonas sp. Currently detected episodic death of oak. From the disease of the oak isolated pathogens of bacteriosis of vegetative and generative organs P. carotovorum, E. nimipressuralis, E. quercina, E. rhapontici, P. fluorescens і Pseudomonas sp.  It is emphasized the need to deepen the research of automicrobiota, in particular its pathogenic components in the context of understanding both general biological problems of the pathology, and in order to work out forest protection measures, incl. and biological.

    Keywords: bacterial diseases, phytopathogenic bacteria, etiology, symptomatology, pathogenesis, antagonism, systemic interaction, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula pendula.

Phytopathogenic bacteria in the pathology of forest trees of Polyssya and forest-steppe of Ukraine
Фітопатогенні бактерії в патології лісових деревних рослин Полісся та Лісостепу України

 

References

  1. Beltiukova K.Y., Matyshevskaia M.S., Kulykovskaia M.D., & Sydorenko S. S. (1968) Methods for investigating pathogens of bacterial plant diseases. Kiev : Nauk. dumka, 316 (in Russian).
  2. Bergey’s manual of determination of Bacteriology. 8 th ed. (1974) Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins, 1268.
  3. Bylai V.Y. (1982) Methods of experimental mycology: a reference book. Kiev : Nauk. dumka, 552 (in Russian).
  4. Cherpakov, V.V. (2012) Bacterial diseases of forest species in pathology of forest. : SPb GLTU, 200, 292-303 (in Russian).
  5. Davydenko, K., Vasaitis, R., Stenlid, J., & Menkis, A. (2013) Fungi in foliage and shoots of Fraxinus excelsior in eastern Ukraine: a first report on Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Path., 43, 462–467.
  6. Desiccation of coniferous forests – the problem has become threatening scales [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode: http://khersonlis.org.ua/images/stories/buklet%20vs.pdf (in Ukrainian).
  7. Gvozdyak, R.I. (2005) Perspective directions of research of phytopathogenic bacteria, Zhitomir, 3-8 (in Ukrainian).
  8. Gvozdyak, R.I., & Yakovleva, L.M. (1979) Bacterial diseases of forest tree species. Kiev : Nauk. dumka, 244 (in Russian).
  9. Gvozdyak, R.I., Goychuk, A.F., Rozenfeld, V.V. & Pasіchnik, L.A., (2011) Bacterial diseases of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its floral microflora: Monograph. Zhitomir : Polіssya 224 (in Ukrainian).
  10. Klement Z., Rudolf K., Sands D. S. (1990) Methods in phytobacteriology. Budapest : Academial Knido, 568.
  11. Kowalski, T., & Holdenrieder, О. (2009) Chalara fraxinea causes dieback of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Europe report. Pathol., 39, 1-7.
  12. Krasnov V.P., Orlov O.O., Buzun V.A. et al. (2008) Applied radio ecology of the forest. Ukrayinskyy botanichnyy zhurnal, №5, 781-786. (in Ukrainian).
  13. Kulbanska, M. (2015) Pathogenesis of tuberculosis of an ash tree in the conditions of Western Podillya of Ukraine. Forest Journal : 6, 75–84 (in Russian).
  14. Losytskyi, K.B. (1975) The phenomenon of depression in hardwood forests. Lesnoe khoziaistvo, 3, 40-44 (in Russian).
  15. Sheluho, V.P., & Sidorov, V.A. (2008) Diagnosis and ways to reduce the economic importance of birch bacterial dropsy. Lesnoy hozyaystvo, 4, 48-52 (in Russian).
  16. Shvets, M.V. (2016) Bacterial diseases of birch plantings in Ukraine and in the world (theoretical and applied aspect). Lvіv : Naukoviy vіsnik NLTU, 26/7, 179-185 (in Ukrainian).
  17. Weather archive (WMO ID) 33415 [Electronic resource] – Resource access mode: htth/rp5.ru.

 

          А. Ф. Гойчук, В. Ф. Дрозда, І. М. Кульбанська, М. В. Швець. Фітопатогенні бактерії в патології лісових деревних рослин Полісся та Лісостепу України

 

          Наведено результати багаторічних експериментальних досліджень бактеріальної патології лісових деревних рослин в Україні. Підкреслюється, що на лісових деревах у світі описано кілька десятків бактеріозів із різним ступенем пошкодження, що викликаються бактеріями родів Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Agrobacterium, Brenneria, Xylella, Rhizobium, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium і ін. Наголошується  на необхідності поглиблення досліджень аутомікробіоти, зокрема патогенних її складників, у контексті розуміння як загальнобіологічних проблем патології, так і з метою напрацювання лісозахисних заходів.

          Ключові слова: бактеріальні захворювання, фітопатогенні бактерії, етіологія, симптоматика, патогенез, антагонізм, системну взаємодію, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula pendula.

 

           А. Ф. Гойчук, В. Ф. Дрозда, И. М. Кульбанская, М. В. Швец. Фитопатогенные бактерии в патологии лесных древесных растений Полесья и Лесостепи Украины

 

           Приведены результаты многолетних экспериментальных исследований бактериальной патологии лесных древесных растений в Украине. Подчеркивается, что на лесных деревьях в мире описано несколько десятков бактериозов с различной степенью повреждения, вызываемых бактериями родов Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Agrobacterium, Brenneria, Xylella, Rhizobium, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium и др. Отмечается необходимость в углубленных исследованиях аутомикробиоты, в частности патогенных ее составляющих, в контексте понимания как общебиологических проблем патологии, так и с целью выработки лесозащитных мероприятий.

          Ключевые слова: бактериальные заболевания, фитопатогенные бактерии, этиология, симптоматика, патогенез, антагонизм, системное взаимодействие, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula pendula.

 

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The role of urban united territorial communities in the development of rural areas

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UDC 331.5.024.5

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2019-2(102)-3


Yu. A. Kormishkin
M. P. Minyailo


   

       The article examines the essence of the concept of “rural territory” and establishes that rural territory is considered as a social-spatial education, which combines the following components: organizational, industrial-economic, socio-economic and natural-resource. It is substantiated that the main feature of rural territories is its interrelation with the administrative-territorial system. In particular, rural areas become the object of self-government, a unit of local self-government, the main purpose of which should be the policy, aimed at satisfying the diverse needs of the peasants.
      On the basis of the research, we have found that the development of domestic rural areas in today’s conditions is characterized by significant structural, functional and related demographic, social problems, low investment and innovation activity, decline of infrastructure support, the existing communal crisis, low level of activity, solidarity and integration of the population in the management processes.Most of these problems are due to insufficient legal certainty, high level of centralization, and lack of system-synergetic management of public processes at the state level.
      It is determined that in order to allow rural areas to develop, and residents of the settlements could get the right to modern medicine and education, good roads and illuminated streets, to obtain affordable and high-quality administrative, communal and social services, decentralization of power is taking place in Ukraine.
      It is substantiated that the municipal united territorial communities are communities with a significant number of rural and urban populations, and the dominant center is the city.At the same time, it was established that domestic legislation does not specify requirements for the mandatory population of the community, but the practice has shown that the community with more than 10 or 20 thousand people will be more financially capable.
      As a result of the research of the activities of the Bashtanka and Mena city united territorial communities, it was established that for the development of their own rural areas, local self-government bodies of city UTC (united territorial communities) apply a number of measures not prohibited by law, namely: conduct public hearings and referenda, organize and conduct general meetings of citizens for place of residence objectively and in time to consider collective and individual appeals of residents to bodies and officials of municipal self-government, gives the opportunity to Invitations to prepare and submit local initiatives to the council. Also, such communities, in strategic planning of their development, see one of the strategic goals as developing rural areas through the development of the agrarian sector, ensuring adequate quality of life in rural areas, development of entrepreneurship, etc.
      Having examined the programs of socio-economic development of Bashtanka and Mena City UTC, it was stated that in strategic planning of their development in these communities there is no clear definition of the strategic goal of “development of rural territories”, both communities focus on the development of rural areas through the creation of favorable conditions for the economic development of the community and improving the quality of life of its inhabitants, based on their resources and understanding of reasonable growth.
     It is concluded that the city’s united territorial communities are a powerful incentive for the development of rural areas, have considerably higher revenues to local budgets, thereby strengthening the budget opportunities of rural areas. In particular, urban UTCs, due to the combination of urban and rural areas, extend the positive impact of cities to neighboring rural areas and make more effective incentives in these areas for attraction investors to the countryside.

     Keywords: rural territory, decentralization, united territorial communities, budget, financial decentralization, development.

Reference

  1. Zavhorodnya, V.M. & Riznyk, O.Yu. (2012). Dehradatsiya sil’s’koyi terytoriyi – real’nist’ s’ohodennya. Pravovi zasady vyrishennya problemy. Vol. 1 (2). Retrieved from : http://www.bulletin.uabs.edu.ua/store/jur/20l2/ 360с3Ь60г480 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Klyuchnyk, A.V. (2011). Formuvannya i rozvytok ekonomichnoho potentsialu sil’s’kykh terytoriy Ukrayiny: monohrafiya. Mykolayiv. [in Ukrainian].
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  4. Pavlyuk, S. I. (2015). Problemni pytannya reformuvannya mistsevoho samovryaduvannya v konteksti rozvytku sil’s’kykh terytoriy. Abstracts of Papers ’15. Upravlinnya innovatsiynym rozvytkom terytoriyi. (рр. 191-193). Dnipropetrovs’k [in Ukrainian].
  5. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky. (2018). Statystychnyy shchorichnyk Ukrayina v tsyfrakh. Retrieved from : http://library.oseu.edu.ua/files/StatSchorichnyk Ukrainy 2018.pdf [in Ukrainian].
  6. Plotnikova, M. F. (2018). Stratehichni zasady rozvytku sil’s’kykh terytoriy v umovakh detsentralizatsiyi vladnykh povnovazhen’. Naukovyy visnyk Uzhhorods’koho natsional’noho universytet: Vol. 17, рр. 43-47 [in Ukrainian].
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  9. Bardina, T.O. (2016). Vyznachennya perspektyvnykh napryamiv rozvytku sil’s’kykh terytoriy z urakhuvannyam analizu syl’nykh storin Poltavs’koyi oblasti. Naukovi pratsi Poltavs’koyi derzhavnoyi ahrarnoyi akademiyi: ekonomichni nauky. Vol. 2 (13), рр. 231–236 [in Ukrainian].
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  12. Ministerstvo rehional’noho rozvytku, budivnytstva ta zhytlovo-komunal’noho hospodarstva Ukrayiny. Finansova detsentralizatsiya v Ukrayini. Pershyy etap uspikhiv /; elektron. versiya. Retrieved from : http://old.decentralization.gov.ua/pics/attachments/Buklet_finansova_decenrt_.pdf [in Ukrainian].
  13. Instytut hromads’koho suspil’stva. Retrieved from : https://www.csi.org.ua/articles/novi-pidhody-rozvytku-silskyh-terytorij-v-umovah-detsentralizatsiyi-ta-zmin-u-derzhavnij-regionalnij-politytsi [in Ukrainian].

Prospects for updating the material and technical base of agro-enterprises on the basis of innovations

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UDC 631.15: 330.322

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2019-2(102)-2

 

N. Potryvaieva
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9781-6529
I. Pelypkanych
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8798-3086

 

    The article investigates the use of innovative investment resources as a general precondition to restore the industrial potential of the agro-industrial complex, to overcome its economic and technological lag. The purpose of the study is to identify the promising directions for updating the material and technical base of agrarian enterprises on an innovative basis.
    Theoretical researches concerning provision of agricultural enterprises with material and technical resources are generalized. The emphasis is placed on the need to establish the interdependence of objective reasons with subjective ones, which will allow developing more effective strategies for reproduction of material and technical base of agricultural producers.
    Interconnection between the transition to the industrial information society and evolutionary changes of fixed capital is proved, when agricultural producers change production technologies under the influence of information, which entails changes in the composition and structure of fixed assets, their age, qualitative, social, environmental and other characteristics .
   The group of factors, which promote attraction of investments in agro-industrial complex, is established and classified. The first group of factors is proved to determine the investment potential of the agro-industrial complex and to characterize its availability with the necessary resources; the second group determines the investment climate of the agro-industrial complex of the country or region. A large part of investments in innovation is substantiated to be of high risk, they affect the possibility of attracting investors for their implementation. The positive and negative factors of attraction of investments in innovations of agrarian sphere are characterized.
   The main tasks of the investment activity in the industry are formulated, which include not only the development of entrepreneurship in the agrarian sector, but also solving the social, economic and environmental conditions of the rural areas and their inhabitant development.
   The stages of solving tasks of investment activity in the agrarian sector are defined. According to the authors’ thought, the first step is to direct financial assets for the intensive renewal of the active part of fixed assets; and the second step is to invest in the development of resource-saving industries in the agro-industrial complex; the third step is to fulfill technical and technological modernization of the industrial base of the industry.

   Keywords: agricultural enterprise, material and technical base, resource support, innovations, investments.

References

  1. Gvozdyev Yu. V. Metody`chni pidxody` do ocinky` osnovny`x zasobiv sil`s`kogospodars`ky`x pidpry`yemstv / Yu. V. Gvozdyev, I. O. Gerasy`menko // Agrosvit. – 2016. – # 22. – S. 27-31.
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  3. Didorenko T. V. Sutnist` i klasy`fikaciya material`no-texnichny`x resursiv na sil`s`kogospodars`ky`x pidpry`yemstvax za yix pry`znachennyam ta rollyu v procesi vy`robny`cztva / T. V. Didorenko // Ukrayins`ky`j zhurnal pry`kladnoyi ekonomiky`. – 2016. – T. 1, # 1. – S. 92-99.
  4. Zbars`ka A. V. Rozvy`tok maly`x form gospodaryuvannya na seli v umovax formuvannya tery`torial`ny`x gromad / A. V. Zbars`ka, Yu.Yu.Alyeksyeyeva // Ekonomika ta suspil`stvo. – 2018. – #16. – S. 335-342.
  5. Lipny`cz`ky`j M. Energoyemnist` texnichny`x zasobiv ta texnologichny`x procesiv v sil`s`komu gospodarstvi / M. Lipny`cz`ky`j, V. Krupecz`ky`x // Innovacijni texnologiyi u vy`robny`cztvi ta pidgotovci faxivciv texnologichnoyi, profesijnoyi osvity` ta sfery` obslugovuvannya. – Xerson : Vy`davny`cztvo «Ajlant », 2015. – S.153-158.
  6. Majduda G. S. Analiz ta opty`mizaciya struktury` finansovy`x resursiv dlya vidtvorennya osnovny`x zasobiv sil`s`kogospodars`ky`x pidpry`yemstv / G. S. Majduda // Oblik i finansy`. – 2015. – # 4. – S. 105-111.
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  9. Potry`vayeva N. V. Zabezpechennya material`no-texnichny`my` resursamy` v sy`stemi upravlinnya pidpry`yemstvom / N. V. Potry`vayeva, I. V. Ageyenko // Visny`k agrarnoyi nauky` Pry`chornomor’ya. – 2016. – #4 (92). – S.
  10. Svy`nous I. V. Rol` i misce derzhavy` v procesi vidtvorennya osnovny`x zasobiv sil`s`kogospodars`ky`x pidpry`yemstv / I. V. Svy`nous, N. V. Xomyak, O. O. Rudy`ch // Innovacijna ekonomika. – 2016. – # 3-4. – S. 39-43.
  11. Cherkasov O. O. Osobly`vosti vy`kory`stannya ta vidtvorennya osnovny`x zasobiv u sil`s`komu gospodarstvi / O. O. Cherkasov // Derzhava ta regiony`. Seriya : Ekonomika ta pidpry`yemny`cztvo. – 2015. – # 5. – S. 96-101.
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Reform of decentralization and development of rural regions in Ukraine

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UDC 330.341.46:332.33

DOI: 10.31521/2313-092X/2019-2(102)-1

 

I. Cherven
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4268-8216
S. Pavliuk
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9093-5237

 

     

    Rural territories play a key role in economic growth of both – the state itself, and the particular Ukrainian village as well. The necessity of fundamental change of the power system and its territorial basis on all the levels, and also the implementation of real steps towards the stimulation of the country development, today is considered to be an answer to the current challenges. It is the decentralization which increases opportunities and really is a powerful driver for the stimulation of the rural territories development.
   A decentralization reform gave rise to the formation of the competent local government in local communities – a power institution, which is the closest one to the citizen. Voluntary association of local communities let the newly formed local authorities obtain the appropriate power and resources.
   The literary sources analysis shows that the majority of the latest scientific works is devoted to the questions of the rural development or to the sustainable development of the rural territories. However, the decentralization, introduced during the last three years, which structurally reconstructs the rural areas and changes their territory and administrative landscape, determines the search for new approaches. And also requires the actualization of this area of research.
   The complex evaluation of the decentralization of the development and organization of socio-economic regulation of the rural territories, held in the article, shows that the last ones play the main role in the process of reforming of the local government and territorial organization of power, and are considered to be self-sufficient and capable systems.
    It was found that the positive experience of the decentralization process took place, but the newly established united territory communities have a number of unresolved issues, connected with the development of the long-term plans of the territories formation, stable providing of the state support, optimal distribution of power between the local governments and the executive authorities, distribution of functions and power between the local councils and the  district administrations and the district councils of each district, on the territories of which the communities were established.
      Key words: decentralization, general territorial community, rural territory, development, municipal cooperation, financial capacity of communities.


References

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