№4(81)2014

The additional indicators of perennial grasses’ cultivation effectiveness assessment

admin

UNC 338.43:633.2.003.131

N.V. Tsurkan

In the article the necessity of the economic addition indicators is shown. It is necessary to create new terms ofmoney equivalents, which influences the efficiency of perennial grasses’ cultivation for the soil fertility and nitrogen accumulation in the soil.

Introduction. In modern conditions the issues environmental safety require in-depth analysis of economic, environmental and social aspects. The complexity of this assessment is to facilitate the production process to achieve the best results.

The aim of the study is to prove the necessity the to introduce the number of indicators of economic efficiency of cultivation of perennial grasses of cash equivalents of increase in soil fertility and accumulation of biological nitrogen in the soil.

The results of the research. The state of development of production of perennial grasses on farms in the South of Ukraine are analyzed. Installed violation and even the absence of science-based crop rotations. It is established that in the conditions of uncontrolled of production violation of these standards is observed. Business of farmers is oriented towards the production of more profitable technical crops comparing to perennial grasses. At the same time, the share of areas of perennial grasses for hay and green fodder still remains very low (1-2% at the rate of 8-10% in the rotation) in the structure of total sown area in the South of Ukraine. This also affects the deterioration of soil fertility. Every year due to the lack acreage under perennial leguminous grasses, such as alfalfa and sainfoin the  loss of organic nitrogen, is increase, which could be accumulated in the soil, thereby reducing the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers when growing following for perennial grasses in the rotation of crops.

The characteristic of perennial legumes to fix nitrogen in the soil can make it to be considered as a specific form of its product and to transform its natural accumulation in cash due to certain criteria.

It is advisable to add cash of equivalents increase of soil fertility economic indicators of determining of  production efficiency of perennial leguminous grasses. The aim of these indicators is to assess accumulated humus and synthesized nitrogen in the soil after the use of perennial grasses. When calculating these indicators the significant factors are the price of manure, as the actual material prerequisite for the formation of humus, the price of nitrogen fertilizers and also crop productivity, which accumulates nitrogen and humus. In addition, the author proposes to apply correction factors, which vary depending on the climatic zone in which perennial fodder legumes herbs are grown.

Conclusion. When improving the methodology for determining the efficiency of agricultural production, particularly perennial grasses, it is necessary to consider the complexity of assessment according to environmental and economic aspects. Expanding the range of products of perennial grasses satisfies this requirement by biological nitrogen that allows the manufacturer to determine the cash equivalent of its accumulation in the soil, as well as economic benefits from savings on nitrogen fertilization under the following herbs for culture can comply with these reguirements. (more…)

Meaning of transaction costs of agrarian enterprises’ economic potential

admin

UNC 339.138:664.61

Number, year
4(81), 2014

Malyuk S.

Activity of any business is always connected with the concept of the product that it produces. In the marketing sense – the product is considered not simply as a result of production, but as the product that is provided with the support of the manufacturer, which is achieved using such marketing tools as competent advertising company, established sales, efficient service, flexible pricing policy and more.

In marketing theory there is no clear distinction between «goods» and «product». Thus, some authors understand by the term «product» «concrete result of material or intellectual production that has qualities that characterize his purpose, and properties for which it was purchased and consumed». Other scientists understand the product as a «complex and vast ambient properties (characteristics, features, benefits and uses) designed to meet the needs of consumers». Thus, the Kotler’s model «5 levels of product» consists of five levels: the level of core values; basic characteristics; expected characteristics; appendix characteristics; potential characteristics. This approach allows identifying the perception of the product demands of consumers, competitors offer and excellent product performance.

Commodity supply Company by Kotler can be represented by the commodity nomenclature, product range, some nomenclatural positions seller. Kotler product portfolio is characterized in terms of its breadth, intensity, depth, harmony and comparability. The concept of range is closely related to the notion of structure and product range (nomenclature) positions. Assortment (nomenclature) position by J. R. Evans, is a specific model, mark or size of products. J. Schwalbach, notes that «the success of the proposal depends on the success of marketing in general; with the usual product that is well received, you can always make a good business. On the contrary, in the case of an unsuccessful proposal, any marketing efforts will not save the company from defeat».

Thus, we can conclude that a good product (goods) is the key to financial success and stability, both in the short and long term. The optimal product portfolio is individual for each company, depending on the markets, demand, production, financial and other resources. The process of determining the range and variety of goods that are produced is an integral part of the product policy of the company.

The article studies the impact of transaction costs on the formation of the economic potential of agrarian enterprises. The structure of the economic potential of agrarian enterprises was discussed. It was noted that with the change of agrarian enterprise’s position, its potential is also transformed. Its structure also became more complicated. (more…)

Theoretic aspects of marketing strategy of agrarian enterprises’ developmen

admin

4(81), 2014
UNC 631.11:658.012.32

I. Baryshevska

It was proved that a prerequisite for the effective development of agrarian enterprises forms strategic management system which accounts the direction of the company and its main tasks.

It was determined that the process of farms’ development strategy causes a significant impact on natural biological resources and on the type of agrarian enterprises’ development at the given moment.

It was proved that the basis for agrarian enterprises’ strategy development is an advisable choice of hierarchical structure consisting of four strategic levels (corporate, competitive, functional, operational), adequate levels of government support and the levels of strategies’ implementation according to enterprise’s type.

It was demonstrated that the company which is struggling for success in a competitive environment, should form its marketing strategy according to the peculiarities of competition and consumer demand.

It was determined that one of the main types of marketing strategy is diversification in order to increase enterprises’ products or activities. Application of this method will allow getting sales revenue in case of any disaster.

It was proved that price and pricing take a central place among various levers of economic management mechanisms. A wide range of prices allows to choose the own pricing strategy of agrarian enterprises in the specific marketing conditions.

It was granted that the segmentation strategy is aimed at providing competitive advantage on a separate and often the only market segment that is allocated on the basis of specific criteria. Segment is a specially allocated market share of consumer product group united by some common features.

It is evident that the marketing strategy is the most important functional strategy because it provides justification for market orientation in agrarian enterprises. This strategy has two main targets which are market and product. (more…)

Investments of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy

admin

Номер, рік
4(81), 2014
UNC 330.322:338.43(477)

V. Burkovska, PhD, Associate Professor
I. Lunkina, PhD, Associate Professor
Mykolaiv National Agrarian University

This article proves the necessity of investment in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The essence and value of investments for the intensification of economic development of domestic agricultural enterprises are reviewed. The nature and components of investment attractiveness of domestic enterprises are showed. The priority lines of the implementation of investment resources in the Mykolaiv region are researched. Deterrents of the inflowing of investments are established and directions how to overcome them are offered.

Problem. Domestic enterprises of the agricultural sector in practice constantly feel the lack of financial resources for the reconstruction of fixed and current assets, the implementation of innovation, the use of new resource-efficient low-cost and environmentally sound technologies, which in a competitive environment are impossible for their effective functioning.

The specifics of the agrarian sector of Ukraine causes the objective necessity of its urgently providing of investment resources; without an increasing in their volume the way out of the deep socio-economic crisis is quite problematic.

We have to admit that the actual amount of investment in the agricultural sector of the economy of our country compared with the required is not enough. Therefore first of all need to be resolved issues of attracting investment to Ukraine amounts of investment resources.

Objectives of the study is to show the results of our analysis of the process of investment companies of Ukraine’s economy, detection of defects and suggest ways to overcome them.

Conclusions. In our opinion, Ukraine needs a more active introduction of modern, environmentally friendly, low-cost and resource-saving technologies by national and foreign investors.

For foreign investors the level of investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector is heavily dependent on cheap labor and the possibility of exports to foreign markets. To convince investors of the need to finance the agricultural sector of Ukraine is necessary to reduce domestic investment risks.

To ensure the reliability of the investment partnership is necessary to see in the contracts, not only the volume of investment, but also events to protect them. If an investor has applied all the necessary permits should be fill in a short time. (more…)

The Main Trends of Professional Training of Specialists for Agrarian Industry in Western European Countries

admin

Number, year

4(81), 2014
УДК 371.134:63(491)
Zaskaleta Svitlana, Candidate of Pedagogic Scinces
Matveyeva Kateryna, Candidate of Pedagogic Scinces
Mykolaiv National Agrarian University

Implementing the professional training of specialists for agrarian industry is on the agenda in the strategic plans of social and economic development of Western Europe. Research experience of Western European countries which are members of the European Union and its adaptation to national conditions allow to offer its own model of professional training of specialists for agrarian industry in the nearest future, which will take into account the realities of social and economic processes and solve tasks aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the agricultural sector professionals and overcoming the economic and food crisis that swept the world.

The Ukrainian scientists mention the necessity of appropriate changes in the professional training of spesialists for agrarian industry, focusing on the following issues: reforming of higher education (V. Andruschenko) [1], professional training (M.Yevtuh, O. Serdyuk) [2], creating a model based on the theory of educational innovation (O.Matviyenko) [3], lifelong learning (M. Stepko, B. Klymenko, L.Tovazhnyanskyy) [4].

A significant contribution to the development of professional training of specialists for agrarian industry belongs to Western European countries, as these countries have made significant progress in economic development due to high quality professional training of specialists for agrarian industry.

Implementing the professional training of specialists for agrarian industry is on the agenda in the strategic plans of social and economic development of Western Europe. The experience of Western European countries in this field and its adaptation to national conditions allow to offer own model of professional training of spesialists for agrarian industry in the nearest future.

A sagnificant contribution to the development of professional training of agrarian branch belongs to scientiests of Western European countries.

German experience shows that the country has built an effective four-level system of professional training of the agrarian sector. The typical feature of professional education in Germany is duality training.

The features of the German system of professional training in agricultural sector are:

– The concentration and integration of educational resources;

– Development of training programs in English;

– The existence of flexible tuition and encourage talented young people to teaching and learning and research activities;

– A close relationship with the practice of the learning process;

– Cooperation of universities with international corporations and foreign research institutes;

– Providing the distance learning;

– Providing expanded educational services for farmers. They are enclosed in providing agricultural knowledge and information tools for decision-making for business and life. Enhanced services focused on specific situations requiring impartiality, neutrality and independence from the interests of external parties. The main suppliers of advanced services are official service, extended service for federal states (lander), for private sector (individuals, partnerships, companies).

Analysis of dual system of agricultural education in Germany suggests that the organization of professional training helps to reduce the term of training for bachelors, raising the level of their practical training, formation and development of their competencies, which improves efficiency of further profession activity.

Analysis of the problem of professional training of specialists for agrarian branch in France shows that the country has a national approach to professional training of specialists of agrarian branch, which proves the importance of its role in economic and social progress as an objective pattern.

Modern French system of professional training of specialists of agrarian branch meets the requirements of social needs of economic development, technology and agriculture.

One of the features of professional training of specialists for agrarian branch in the country is focusing on practical training. The combination of the scientific basis with the quality training, which is closely connected with agricultural production, allows graduates of higher agricultural schools and institutions to realize it in its academic and professional career.

The effectiveness of the system of professional training of specialists is provided by the development of the following trends:

  • modern response to market demand and production;
  • advantages in curriculum are given to subjects of science, economic and social units;
  • development of innovative forms in the system of continuous education for adults.

These trends are specific for professional training of specialists for agrarian branch in France.

The general trends in the development of higher education in France are democratization, individualization, the variety of education, pluralism of educational approaches, educational internationalization process integration in the global educational community, usage of IT technologies in the educational process.

Professional training of specialists of agricultural sector in Holland is represented by a number of higher agricultural institutions (top level) as well as regional centers of agricultural vocational training (middle and higher level). Most students of agricultural education institutions choose one of the schemes: short, medium or long-term period of study. Others get under the scheme which works on the environment, as well as training courses in comprehensive universities. Each diploma implies receiving five certificates, which consist of two or three modules, divided into five priority subjects. The proposed education and training is carried out by both public and private institutions. Vocational training in agriculture is very popular and it offers centers that are under the management of an autonomous organization formed by representatives of employers’ organizations. Special determined departments also delegate representatives from trade unions and local administration. The fund of preparation of workers in the agricultural sector covers the cost of the courses; the employer performs payment of salaries for running the courses.

The system of professional training of specialists for agrarian industry is represented by Wageningen Agricultural University. Wageningen Agricultural University offers a scientific academic background in agriculture, available for 4 – 5 years. It includes specialized university department of organic agriculture. Professional training of specialists for agricultural sector includes conducting research for organic farming.

An important part of professional training of specialists for agrarian industry in the country is environmental education. Environmental education in the Netherlands starts at the stage of secondary education (agricultural / professional education –16 year-olds). Higher education includes an alternative education (from 18 year-olds).

Basic principles of the environmental education are:

– full-time education (BD agriculture, BD gardening, BD fruit production);

– interaction between students and teachers from different schools, courses and international activities;

– development of biodynamic agriculture.

High School for agricultural vocational education provide:

– standard education to the level engineer;

– courses for environmental education and organic farming;

– fully engaged in study and work probationary period, consultancy / research / training on a contract basis.

Defining the optimal ways to solve the problem of professional training of specialists for agrarian industry we consider that it is necessary:

  • to support the subsystem of generation of knowledge (institutions of agrarian education) with the aim of increasing the quantity of scientific research and work;
  • to implement the complex of balanced development of all subsystems of professional training of specialists for agrarian industry, support of the innovative activity of educational institutions;
  • to stimulate the agrarian companies for results of scientific research and innovations, hiring of qualified staff, creation of favorable conditions for producing of innovating output with high level of added value.

It’s necessary to underline that solving the problem of modernization of professional training of specialists for agrarian industry demands definition of its general trends. They include:

  • creation of native competitive sector of scientific research and work in the branch of agriculture and providing the conditions for its spread reproduction:
  • increasing the level of computerization of higher educational institutions;
  • activization of the scientific and technical innovative activity of higher educational institutions and increasing its financing;
  • forming the innovative structures in the system of education;
  • reforming of the system of education in accordance with demands of European standards and keeping to cultural and intellectual traditions.

Analyzing the professional education of specialists for agrarian industry in EU countries we can do the following conclusions:

  1. Professional education of specialists of agrarian industry is one of the priorities of the state policy of employment in EU. The strategic goal of professional education is to define of state requirements to professional agricultural sector and individual educational needs of individuals in the professional self-realizing. Specific learning objectives are determined by the characteristics of social and economic situation and are reflected in the legal documents of the European Union.
  2. An effective mechanism of social partnership is established, in particular, on the following issues: definition and planning the needs in the training of specialists for agriculture; identifying the required level of professional competence and social specialists for agriculture; certification of future specialists of agricultural sector, permanent monitoring of the effectiveness of professional training in agricultural sector.
  3. State authorities are responsible and control the quality of educational services provided for vocational training of specialists for agricultural sector, promote the expansion of their range, provide up to date learning content together with the social partners according to the socio-economic processes taking place in the EU.
  4. EU countries provide integration of national systems of professional training of specialists for agrarian industry in a comprehensive European space.

(more…)

Current state and prospects of development of the crop sector in Kherson region

admin

Number, year

4(81), 2014
УДК 633/635(477.72)

Averchev O.,
Avercheva N.

The article analyzes the present state of crop-production in Kherson region. According to the results of the research it is necessary to underline the increase of production in the basic groups in all the categories of enterprises which is the evidence of the active processes of the production development on the basis of intensification.

Abstract.
Problem statement. The grain economy plays a key role in the economy of Ukraine. To provide effective activity of the grain economy it is important to satisfy the country’s domestic needs in grain and increase probable export volumes. Increasing grain-production has a strategic significance for enhancing Ukraine’s national economy, because its successful development provides conditions for effective activity of a number of related branches. Increasing the level of grain-production efficiency is one of the most important tasks and the country’s food market stability depends on fulfilling it. It must be done on both the country and regional levels where the problems of providing population with food products are solved.

Problem investigation. The reasons of insufficient efficiency of grain-production development and also possibilities of increasing it are being investigated by the domestic scientists. It is necessary to mention the scientists who did the research in this area: Andriychuk V. H., Boyko V. I., Lobas M. H., Sabluk P. T., Shpychak O. M. and others.

 Research results. Kherson region occupies the 10th place among the regions of Ukraine in the size of agricultural lands. The region’s ploughed territories comprise 62,4%, that is higher than the average level in the country (59,3%), agricultural lands – 87,5%. Being a part of agricultural lands, farmlands comprise 1968,4 thou. ha, or 96,9%. The gross yield of cereals in the region in 2013 was 1686,4 thou. tons – 2,7% of the yield in Ukraine (the 17th place among the regions). The present state of the branch is characterized by an unsteady increase. During 1990–2000 there was a considerable (by 1,9 times) decrease of agricultural production, whereas since 2000 there has been its unsteady slow increase. As compared with the year 2000, in 2013 the production volumes increased considerably in the basic crop groups. In 2000 the gross yield of cereals was 1166,3 thou. tons, and in 2013 – 1686,4 thou. tons or by 44,6% more. In the group of industrial crops there was a considerable increase of production volumes – for sunflower – by 2,3 times; for rape – by 14,1 times; for soybean – by 13,7 times more. Potato production decreased by 7,7%, and vegetable production provides the increase of production volumes by 2,8 times. The role of agrarian enterprises in the extensive restoration of the branch is significant in all the basic crops.

Conclusions. Thus it is necessary to highlight the increase of production in the basic groups in all the categories of enterprises which is the evidence of the active processes of the production development on the basis of intensification. The agrarian enterprises of Kherson region made a profit of UAH 584, 500 from selling products according to the results of their economic activities.

In 2000 the agricultural enterprises made a loss of 12,9 kopeks for every UAH of expenses whereas in 2013 they made a profit of 16,2 kopeks. The highest level of profitability of the core business was in 2011 – 24,4 % in Kherson region and 27,0 %  in Ukraine.

Keywords: crop-production, agricultural lands, farmlands, gross yield, gross product, cost, profit, profitability level. (more…)

Necessity of Agritourism Development in Mykolaiv Region

admin

Number, year

4(81), 2014
UNC 338.48-44(1-22)(477.74)

I. Honcharenko
K. Konovalenko
J. Sokrovishchuk

The article presents the modern conception of the agrarian tourism as the type of business activity and essential factor of the long-term development of rural areas.

The article describes the significant development and popularity of agritourism in European and other countries of the world as the most attractive type of spending vacation in the modern world.

Also it examines the successful implementation of international experience within the territory of Mykolayiv Region as well. The motivation of the agricultural tourism development in the region has been studied thoroughly, namely:

– environmental degradation and worsening of the psychological situation in the urban areas;

– revival of the interest to the elements of traditional folk culture;

– desire to feel yourself as a common village citizen and to have a rest in the environmentally friendly areas;

– search for the new sources of financial situation improvement of rural residents;

– growing interest to visiting the rural backwoods;

– search for the new spheres and objects of investment;

– tightening competition in the traditional spheres of investment in the rural areas.

High resource potential of Mykolayiv Region can give an impulse to the development of agricultural tourism, the main tasks of which are: revival of the agriculture; the termination of migration flow from the rural to urban areas; development of competition in the travel services market based on the qualitative agritourism in its various forms; preservation and revival of cultural heritage and natural monuments in rural areas; rural infrastructure development on the tourist objects and adjoining territories; improvement of the environmental education of the population and the preservation of the environment; development and improvement of the transportation network, building the hotels in rural areas and etc., to develop a promotion system for a new tourism product at the market.

Despite some difficulties of agricultural tourism formation in Mykolayiv Region, namely a lack of investment volume into the rural infrastructure by the public authorities, a limited popularization of the rural tourism, low level of economic awareness and businessmen’s awareness in questions of tourism business activities, social and economic importance of agrarian tourism in Mykolayiv Region is really remarkable and positive and will make our region more attractive in the sphere of agricultural tourism. (more…)

Infrastructure information support agribusiness

admin

UNC 330:631.1

V.Klochan
Mykolaiv national agrarian univercity

The basic problems of development of agrarian information infrastructure services are researched in the article, some options to improve the information infrastructure of the agrarian sector are highlighted, and the basic areas of its improvement are defined.

The efficiency increase and competitiveness of the agrarian sector in modern conditions of development are closely linked to the improvement of information services at all levels of management. The study of experience of advanced foreign countries, such as research information services segment of agricultural areas, allows claiming that the accessibility of information and its timeliness is an effective factor of intensive development and improving the efficiency of agriculture.  A direct consequence of inadequate consideration of this factor is lagging in the conduction of reform and the slow development of the agricultural sector.  The most important task is to improve the information service of rural producers. An important role is given to the information advisory services.

The functioning of the agrarian sector in market conditions implies specification and development of theoretical foundations and development of practical recommendations on the formation and development of information services for agriculture.

The highly efficient multi-level information systems based on the use of new information technologies for the present conditions must be used.

To achieve these goals, firstly there is a need to solve the following tasks: the formation of the modern state database of information resources in agriculture; free access to database of information resources for public authorities and  local government; a provision of quality public services with information  for agricultural producers of all forms of property on the basis of the information system of the agrarian sector of Ukraine, information systems about market products, raw materials and products and the system of remote monitoring of agricultural land and others. We should form a standard technical and methodological base of information technology usage in agriculture on the base of analyzing the activities of public authorities that exercising powers in the field of agriculture and to develop initial data and complex technical task to create the information system software.

An implementation of measures of providing with professional advice would allow the creation of greater access for producers and rural areas to modern informational resources; also it will improve the quality of training and skill level of agricultural workers.

Keywords:
agribusiness, agriculture, infrastructure, information system. (more…)

Meaning of transaction costs of agrarian enterprises’ economic potential

admin

UNC 338.583:658

Meaning of transaction costs of agrarian enterprises’ economic potential

  1. Dubinina, Doctor of Economic Science
  2. Lugova, assistant, Mykolayiv National Agrarian University

The article studies the impact of transaction costs on the formation of the economic potential of agrarian enterprises. The structure of the economic potential of agrarian enterprises was discussed. It was noted that with the change of agrarian enterprise’s position, its potential is also transformed. Its structure also became more complicated. A subjective component of the economic potential of the enterprise was formed, which is revealed in the ability to form contractual relationships in such a way as to minimize transaction costs and ensure the creation of specific assets or efficient allocation of property rights. The economic potential of the company is identified with the possibility of increasing its size by reducing transaction costs. Poor cost management of enterprise, including transaction, may show the low result in the destruction of the economic potential threats.

The problematic actuality of transaction costs’ management, which would ensure the strengthening of the economic potential of the company, was grounded. Management of transaction costs is a system of economic relations as for shaping, planning, accounting and analysis of transaction costs that can receive long-term rational management decisions that affect the formation of the economic potential of agrarian enterprises. Management decisions in this process are realized through a set of measures of targeting the size and structure of transaction costs.

The composition of transaction costs of agrarian enterprises was defined. The features of qualitative and quantitative methods in order to assess agrarian enterprises’ transaction costs were described.

Keywords:
transaction costs, agrarian enterprise, management, components, economic potential. (more…)