UDC 636.3:636.083.37/575.22:636.3.082.2

 

Hruban V.

Havrysh V.

Kalinichenko A.

 

There has been an increase in the demand for corn in the world. Its production requires the use of high-performance agricultural machinery, including combines. Modern corn harvesters have high grain losses and, therefore, their main apparatuses must be improved. Known methods for the separation of corn cobs have been analyzed. Designing corn harvesters requires specific knowledge, including the mechanical properties of the crop itself. For this reason, a literary analysis was carried out to study the physical and mechanical properties of corn stalks and cobs. The impact of a number of factors such as mechanical and physical properties of stalks, the mechanical forces exerted through the harvester combine, plant curvature, and pick-up cobs, etc. on the cutting process have been found from previous researches. The aim of this article is the theoretical justification of forces for corn cobs separation. To achieve this aim, a mathematical model which takes into account the complex combination of several forces has been developed. The technological process of corn-cobs separation is considered as the combination of different forces, and the valuation of the resulting tension was done. The results of the simulation were compared to experimental data to verify this model. The wave theory has proved to be more accurate compared to the static model. The results of the theoretical research for corn-cobs separation from stems are given. The experimental results made it possible to refine the mathematical model. Further research will be focused on the intensification of this process by the integration of stretching the stalk together with its twisting.

Key words: corn, cob, separation, cob separation system, mathematical model.

References:

1. Sobukola, O. P., Kajihausa, O. E. Onwuka, V. I. and Esan T. A. (2013). Physical properties of high quality maize (Swam 1 variety) seeds (Zea mays) as affected by moisture levels. African Journal of Food Science, 7(1): 1–8.
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4. Jonathan E. Ricketts. Dual action corn cob separation and corn cob separator. 2008-04-22. Publication of US20090264169A1. URL: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090264169A1/en.
5. Redekop Leo, Mayerle Dean. Harvesting corn cobs. 2007-10-15. Publication of US20100193411A1. URL: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100193411.
6. Кукурузоуборочные машины / К.В. Шатилов, Б.Д. Козачок, А.П. Орехов и др. М.: Машиностроение, 1981.  224 с.
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17. Al-Zube, L., Sun, W., Robertson, D., Cool, D. The elastic modulus for maize stems. Plant Methods,14, 11 (2018). URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-018-0279-6
18. Ерофеев В.И., Кажаев В.В., Семерикові Н.П. . Волны в стержнях. Дисперсия. Диссипация. Нелинейность.  М.: Физматлит, 2002. 208 с.
19. Szymanek, M. 2011. Effects of blanching on some physical properties and processing recovery of sweet corn cobs. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 4(7): 1164–1171.
20. Kaliyan, N., Morey, R. V. Densification characteristics of corn cobs. Fuel Processing Technology. 2010, 91, 559–565. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.01.001
21. Al-Mitewty, M. I., A. Yahya, M. Razif, and N. Mat. 2019. Physical and mechanical properties of sweet corn plant. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 21(4): 152–160.

 

UDC 636.3:636.083.37/575.22:636.3.082.2

 

Iovenko V.

Hladii I.

 

The growth and development of young animals and the efficiency of crossing ewes the Ascanian Fine-Fleeced breed (AFF) with ram-sires of Texel (AFFxT) and Merinolandschaf (AFFxM) were studied. It was found that hybrid lambs AFF × T have a significantly higher live weight at birth – 5.8 kg against 4.7 kg in purebred peers. The revealed difference for these lambs remained in the following ontogenesis periods. In general, from birth to 6 months of age, the average daily gain increase in ram-lambs AFF × T was higher compared to purebreds and crossbreeds AFF × M by 16.6 and 6.4%, respectively. When estimating the growth rate of livestock during the rearing period, it was shown that AFFxT youngling  probably prevailed in the average daily gains of AFF analogues by 26.1 g, and AFFxM by 9.6 g. over lambs the other two groups on such parameters, as height in buttocks, breast width, breast depth, oblique length of a trunk, a breast girth,  which are completely confirmed by body structure indices. In particular, at birth and at the age of two, four and six months, these youngling had higher thoracic and massiveness indices. The uniformity index showed that these crossbreeds grew more evenly and had the highest value of this indicator, compared with animals of other experimental groups. In contrast to purebred Merino peers in the early postembryonic period, they are characterized by significantly higher parameters of live weight gain, growth intensity, growth stress, as well as the young mutton meat qualities better characteristics. In contrast to purebred Merino peers in the early postembryonic period, they are characterized by significantly higher parameters of live weight gain, growth intensity, growth stress, as well as the young mutton meat qualities better characteristics.  In general, it was found that crossbreeding had a positive effect on the young animals’ meat parameters in the early post-embryonic period. The ram-lambs obtained from crossing Ascanian Fine-Fleeced ewes with Texel and Merinolandschaf are characterized by a high rate of growth and development, a better level of live weight gain compared to purebred peers. Nevertheless, the most effective combination is observed with the Texel breed, so it is advisable to use these ram-sires to increase the young animals live weight of sheep new created genotype and getting   the youngling with better quality mutton.

Key words: sheep, genotype, live weight, linear parameters, growth rate.

References:

1. Aboneev, V.V., & Surov, A.I. (2007). Myasnaya produktivnost’ molodnyaka ovets v zavisimosti ot ego proiskhozhdeniya i vozrasta ot”ema ot matok [Meat productivity of young sheep, depending on its origin and age of weaning from ewes]. Ovtsy, kozy, sherstyanoe delo – Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 4, 39–43 [in Russian].
2. Buylov, S. V. (1964). Nekotorye morfologicheskie osobennosti stroeniya pyasnykh kostey u tonkorunnykh ovets i ikh pomesey [Some morphological features of the metatarsal bones structure in Fine-Fleeced sheep and their hybrids]. S. V. Buylov, & M. Epshteyn (Eds.), Doklady TSKhA – Scientific Reports of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. (Vols. 104), (pp. 353-361). Moscow: TSKhA [in Russian].
3. Gochiyaev, Kh. N. (2014) Myasnaya produktivnost’ baranchikov sovetskoy m’yaso-sherstnoy porodі, materi kotorykh imeli raznuyu zhivuyu massu [Meat productivity of the Soviet Meat-and-Wool breed ram-lambs, whose mothers had different live weight]. Ovtsy, kozy, sherstyanoe delo – Sheep, Goats, Wool Business, 1, 31–32 [in Russian].
4. Erokhin, A. I., Magomadov, T. A., & Karasev E. A. (2010). Sootnoshenie myshechnoy zhirovoy y kostnoy tkaney v tushakh ovets raznogo napravleniya produktivnosti i vozrasta [The ratio of muscle, adipose and bone tissue in sheep carcasses of different productivity directions and age]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 4, 29–33 [in Russian].
5. Zabelina, M. V., Levina, T. Yu., Skrіnnikova , A. P., & Babochkina, P. S.( 2017). Lineynyy i vesovoy rost molodnyaka ovets raznogo proiskhozhdeniya. [Linear and weight growth of different origins young sheep]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 2, 12–13 [in Russian].
6. Ismailov, I. S. & Gogaev, O. K. (2003). Myasnaya produktivnost’ pomesey raznogo proiskhozhdeniya [Meat productivity of different origins hybrids]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 1, 19–20 [in Russian].
7. Kovalenko, T. I. & Nezhlukchenko, T.I. (2008). Vplyv liniino-porodnoi hibrydyzatsii na intensyvnist rostu svynei [Influence of linear-breed hybridization on pig growth intensity].  V.O.Ushkarenko (Eds.), Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk – Tavrian Scientific Herald.  (Issue58),  (Part II), (pp. 26–29). Kherson: KhDAU  “Ailant” [in Ukrainian].
8. Kovalenko, V. P., & Bolelaya, S. Yu. (1998). Selektsionnaya model’ prognozirovaniya myasnoy produktivnosti ptitsy [Breeding model for predicting poultry meat productivity]. Tsitologiya i genetika – Cytology and Genetics, Vol. 32, No. 4, 55-59 [in Russian].
9. Kotarev, V.I., & Ramazanov, A.G. “et al.”( 2007).  Rost i myasnaya produktivnost’ molodnyaka ovets russkoy dlinnosherstnoy porody i ee pomesey s baranami teksel’ [Growth and meat productivity of young sheep of the Russian Longhaired breed and its crossbreeds with Texel rams]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 1, 39–41 [in Russian].
10. Krylova, O., & Zaruba, K. (2012). Askaniiska tonkorunna poroda, tavriiskyi vnutriporodnyi typ [Ascanian Fine-Fleeced breed, Tavrian intrabreed type]. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy – Animal Breeding of Ukraine, 8, 42–45 [in Ukrainian].
11. Kulikova, A. Ya., & Pavlov, T. B. (2003). Nekotorye rezul’taty skreshchivaniya matok stavropol’skoy porody s baranami porody teksel’ i poll-dorset [Some results of crossing of Stavropol breed ewes with Texel and Poll-Dorset rams]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 1, 25–26 [in Russian].
12. Molchanov, A. V., & Kozin, A. N. (2017). Lineynyy rost i nekotorye inter’ernye pokazateli baranchikov volgogradskoy porody s raznoy toninoy shersti [Linear growth and some exterior indicators of Volgograd ram-lambs with different wool fineness]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 2, 10–11 [in Russian].
13. Omarov, A. A. (2012). Dinamika rosta i razvitiya molodnyaka severo-severokavkazskoy myaso-sherstnoy porody i pomesey raznykh genotipov [Dynamics of the North Caucasian Meat-and-Wool breed young stock growth and development and crossbreeds of different genotypes]. V.V. Aboneev (Eds.). nauch. tr. – Collection of scientific works of the Stavropol’ State Scientific Institution SNIEZeK . (Vols. 1), (No 5), (pp. 27-29). Stavropol’: GNU SNIIZhK [in Russian].
14. Petryshak, O. K. & Kyryliv, Ya. I. (2005). Otsinka miasnoi produktyvnosti ovets zalezhno vid yikh viku i stati [Evaluation of the sheep meat productivity depending on their age and sex]. Naukovyi Visnyk LNUVMB imeni S.Z.Hzhytskoho – Scientific Herald of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine named after S.Z.Gzhytsky, (Vol.7), (Part 1), (No. 1), 44–47 [in Ukrainian].
15. Plokhinskiy, N. A. (1969). Rukovodstvo po biometrii dlya zootekhnikov [Guide of biometrics for zootechnicians]. Moscow: Kolos [in Russian].
16. Polska, P. I., & Kalashchuk, H. P. (2006). Efektyvnist selektsii za period vyvedennia ta udoskonalennia intensyvnykh typiv askaniiskykh m’iaso-vovnovykh ovets [Selection efficiency during the period of breeding and improvement of intensive types the Ascanian Meat-and-Wool sheep]. I. Voronenko (Eds.), Vivcharstvo – Sheep Breeding. (Issue 33), (pp. 132–138). Nova Kakhovka: “PYEL” [in Ukrainian].
17. Protasov, A. Yu., & Sel’kin, I. I. (2012). Intevsivnost’ rosta molodnyaka ovets severokavkazskoy myaso-sherstnoy porody s raznoy zhivoy massoy pri rozhdenii [The intensity of the North Caucasian Meat-and-Wool breed young sheep growth with different live weight at birth]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 1, 18–20 [in Russian].
18. Svechin, K.B. (1976). Individual’noe razvitie sel’skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh [Individual development of farm animals]. Kyiv: Urozhay [in Russian].
19. Svechin, Yu. K. (1985). Prognozirovanie produktivnosti zhivotnykh v rannem vozraste [Predicting the performance of animals at an early age]. Vestnik sel’skokhozyaystvennoy nauki – Herald of Agrarian Science, 4, 36–108 [in Russian].
20. Skorykh, L. N., Vol’nyy, D. N., & Aboneev, D. V. (2009). Rost i razvitie molodnyaka ovets, poluchennykh v rezul’tate promyshlennogo skreshchivaniya [Growth and development of young sheep obtained because of commercial crossing]. Zootekhniya – Zootechnics, 11, 26-28 [in Russian].
21. Traiso,v B. B., Yuldashbaev, Yu. A., Esengaliev, K. G., & Smagulov, D. B. (2017). Rost krossbrednogo molodnyaka za molochnyy period [Growth of crossbred young animals during the dairy period]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 1, 11–23 [in Russian].
22. Ul’yanov, A. N., & Kulikova, A. Ya. (2014). Vvodnoe skreshchivanie ovets yuzhnoy myasnoy porody s ottsovskoy porodoy teksel’ [Introductory crossing of Southern Meat sheep with the Texel parent]. Sheep, Goats, and Wool Business, 4, 18–20 [in Russian].
23. Chernomyz, T. O., Lesyk, O.B., Pokhyvka, M. V., Tymofiishyn, I. I., & Hurskis, L.L. (2014). Chernomyz Pokaznyky produktyvnosti ovets m’iaso-vovnovoi porody merynolandshaf nimetskoi selektsii v umovakh zakhidnoho rehionu [Performance indicators of the German selection Merinolandschaf Meat-and-Wool sheep breed under the western region conditions]. nauk. prats PDATU. Ser. Silskohospodarski nauky -Collection of scientific works of PDATU. Agricultural Sciences Series. (Vol. 22), (pp. 108-113). Kam’ianets-Podilskyi: PDATU [in Ukrainian].
24. Shuvaiev, V. T., & Kalynychenko, O. O. (2001).  Miasna produktyvnist baraniv riznykh henotypiv [Meat productivity of different genotypes rams]. Zb. nauk. prats –  Collection of scientific works of KhZVI: Problemy zooinzhenerii ta veterynarnoi medytsyny Problems of zooengineering and veterinary medicine. (Vol. 8), (Part I), (pp.99 – 102). Kharkiv: KhZVI [in Ukrainian].

 

UDC 633.854.78:631.5:632.51

 

Gutyansky R.

Popov S.

Kostromitin V.

Kuzmenko N.

Gluboky O.

 

In the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, according to the research of 2016– 18 in the  crops of sunflower after spring cereals as forecrops placed in the last place in a stationary, nine-course, steam-grain-row rotation field 42 species of weeds and contaminants were found. Setaria glauсa (L.) Beauv., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. et Schult., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Solanum nigrum L., Portulaca oleracea L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Convolvulus arvensis L. were the basic species of weeds in crops. Besides these weeds, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Love, Panicum miliaceum var. ruderale Kitag., Xanthium strumarium L., Cyclachaena xanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresen., Malva neglecta Wallr., Thlaspi arvense L., Vicia villosa Roth., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Avena fatua L., Stachys annua L., Polygonum aviculare L., Orobanche cumana Wallr., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Senecio vernalis Waldst. et Kit., Erigeron canadensis L., Sisymbrium Loeselii L., Viola arvensis Murr., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke, Conium maculatum L., Sonchus arvensis L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Cichorium intybus L., Lappa major Gaertn., Taraxacum officinale Web. et Wigg, Trifolium pratense L., Linaria vulgaris Mill., Rumex crispus L., Lactuca tatarica (L.) С. А. Мey. were basic species in the crops. Triticosecale Witt., Hordeum vulgare L. and Triticum L. were fall from the seeds of field crops.

The use of herbicides in sunflower crops has significantly affected on dominance and subdominance indices of certain weed species over the years of research. Thus, in 2016 and 2018, dicotyledonous perennial species were the largest according to the total mass of weeds, in 2017 annual cereals were.

In sunflower crops the most weeds and contaminants were found in the variants without fertilizers at plowing (control) and using intensive organic-mineral background at chiseling. Thus, in the variants with plowing in the control, organic background (application of manure 30 t / ha for corn and black steam field), organic background + N₁₅P₁₅K₁₅ and organic background + N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀, 29, 23, 21 and 23 species of weeds and contaminants were found respectively, and 27 species were found  by chiseling (organic background + N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ ). For the most part, the type of weediness of sunflower crops in the control variants differed from the type of weediness in the fertilized variants. In general the level of weediness of sunflower crops by plowing was from medium to strong and by chiseling was from strong to very strong.

Key words: sunflower, crop rotation, tillage, fertilizers, weeds, herbicides.

References:

1. Peretiatko, I. V. (2013). Ekonomichna efektyvnist vyrobnytstva soniashnyku v silskohospodarskykh pidpryiemstvakh Ukrainy [Economic efficiency of sunflower production in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine]. Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii, 2, 175-179 [in Ukrainian].
2. Tkalich, I. D., Hyrka, A. D., Bochevar, O. V., & Tkalich, Yu. I. (2018). Ahrotekhnichni zakhody pidvyshchennia urozhainosti nasinnia soniashnyku v umovakh Stepu Ukrainy [Agrotechnical measures to increase the yield of sunflower seeds in the steppe of Ukraine]. Zernovi kultury, 2, 1, 44-52 [in Ukrainian]. doi: /https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0006.
3. Havryliuk, Yu., & Matsai, N. (2019). Shkodochynnist burianiv u posivakh soniashnyku v umovakh Livoberezhnoho Stepu Ukrainy [Harmfulness of weeds in sunflower crops in the conditions of the Left Bank Steppe of Ukraine]. Visnyk Lvivskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Ahronomiia, 23, 61–66 [in Ukrainian]. doi: /https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2019.01.061.
4. Kurdiukova, O. M., & Melnyk, N. O. (2010). Urozhainist soniashnyku zalezhno vid rivnia zaburianenosti y tryvalosti rostu malorichnykh burianiv u posivakh [Sunflower yield depends on the level of weeds and the duration of growth of perennial weeds in crops]. Visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho derzhavnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Silskohospodarski nauky, 1, 11-14 [in Ukrainian].
5. Babenko, A. I. (2017). Vplyv zaburianenosti na urozhai ta yakist nasinnia soniashnyku [Influence of weeds on yield and quality of sunflower seeds]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats «Naukovyi visnyk NUBiP Ukrainy». Ahronomiia, 269, 90-98 [in Ukrainian].
6. Popova, M. M., Bolduiev, V. I., & Borysyk, O. D. (2004). Produktyvnist soniashnyku zalezhno vid terminu povernennia yoho na poperednie mistse [Productivity of sunflower depending on the term of its return to the previous place]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomoria, 1, 1, 132-134 [in Ukrainian].
7. Kurdiukova, O. M., & Tyshchuk, O. P. (2021). Chornoshchyr netrebolystyi (Cyclachaena xanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresen.): zapasy nasinnia, dynamika skhodiv, metody kontroliu [Cyclachaena xanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresen.: seed stocks, seedling dynamics, control methods]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 1, 40-43 [in Ukrainian]. doi: /https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2021.1.40-43.
8. Zuza, V. S. (2010). Vydovyi sklad burianiv v posivakh soniashnyku i pytannia yoho prohnozuvannia [Species composition of weeds in sunflower crops and issues of its forecasting]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Instytutu oliinykh kultur NAAN, 15, 91-94 [in Ukrainian].
9. Kovalenko, A. M. (2018). Rozmishchennia soniashnyka v sivozminakh korotkoi rotatsii u Pivdennomu Stepu [Placement of sunflower in short crop rotations in the Southern Steppe]. Novitni tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur: Tezy dopovidei VI Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii molodykh vchenykh (29 bereznia 2018, Kyiv). Vinnytsia: Nilan-LTD, 91-93 [in Ukrainian].
10. Shevchenko, M. V. (2014). Vplyv sposobiv obrobitku gruntu ta herbitsydiv na vrozhainist prosapnykh kultur v Livoberezhnomu Lisostepu [The influence of tillage methods and herbicides on crop yields in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe]. Naukovi pratsi Instytutu bioenerhetychnykh kultur i tsukrovykh buriakiv, 20, 138-142 [in Ukrainian].
11. Ivakin, O. V. (2009). Vplyv system osnovnoho obrobitku gruntu na vrozhainist kultur sivozminy skhidnoho Lisostepu [The influence of basic tillage systems on crop yields of the Eastern Forest-Steppe]. Visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho derzhavnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Silskohospodarski nauky, 1, 36-39 [in Ukrainian].
12. Ivakin, O. V. (2012). Vplyv system obrobitku gruntu ta herbitsydiv na zaburianenist i vrozhainist kultur sivozminy [The influence of tillage systems and herbicides on weediness and crop yields]. Visnyk KhNAU. Roslynnytstvo, selektsiia i nasinnytstvo, plodoovochivnytstvo, 2, 209-215 [in Ukrainian]. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Vkhnau_roslyn
13. Tanchyk, S. P., & Babenko, A. I. (2018). Protyburianova efektyvnist system osnovnoho obrobitku gruntu za vyroshchuvannia soniashnyku [Anti-weed efficiency of basic tillage systems for sunflower cultivation]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats «Naukovyi visnyk NUBiP Ukrainy». Ahronomiia, 294, 67-74 [in Ukrainian].
14. Tkalich, Yu. I., Shevchenko, O. M., & Matiukha, V. L. (2013). Zaburianenist ta vrozhainist soniashnyku pry riznykh sposobakh obrobitku gruntu i vnesenni herbitsydiv [Weediness and yield of sunflower using different methods of tillage and herbicides]. Biuleten Instytutu silskoho hospodarstva stepovoi zony NAAN Ukrainy, 4, 18–21 [in Ukrainian].
15. Poliakov, O. I., Nikitenko, O. V., & Litoshko, S. V. (2019). Vplyv ahropryiomiv vyroshchuvannia na zaburianenist posiviv ta vrozhainist soniashnyku [Influence of cultivation techniques on weed infestation and sunflower yield]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Instytutu oliinykh kultur NAAN, 27, 107–116 [in Ukrainian]. doi: /https://doi.org/10.36710/ioc-2019-27-12.
16. Zuza, V. S., & Hutianskyi, R. A. Herbolohichnyi monitorynh poliv silskohospodarskykh pidpryiemstv [Herbological monitoring of fields of agricultural enterprises]. Kharkiv: Mahda LTD, 2012. p. 22 [in Ukrainian].

 

UDC 631.147(489)

 

Clausen O.

Patryeva L.

 

10 % of Danish farms are organic. They cultivate 11% of the agricultural land in Denmark. They produce good healthy raw materials with the utmost care for the environment, biodiversity and animal welfare.The Danish consumers are the most pro-organic consumers in the world. In fact, Denmark has the world’s highest organic share and the most well-developed organic market. More than half of the Danes – more specifically 51.4 percent – buy organic food every single week. The unique and governmentally certified Ø-label has been very important for the widespread success that organic food products have achieved in Denmark. A high standard of food safety, healthy quality food and a unique organic control system are the main reasons why exports of organic food products have increased year on year.Denmark has a long tradition of having a public food control system – from “farm to fork” – that is important for the high confidence that consumers have in the organic control system and organic products.Paving the way to success – cooperation, policy development, organic research. More than 20 years of targeted research has contributed to the success of organic production in Denmark.General reasons for buying organic food: safe, healthy and natural food – without synthetic flavorings, colorants and sweeteners; GMOs are prohibited;good animal welfare – natural behavior with access to outdoor areas; protection of the environment and drinking water – chemical pesticides are prohibited; strong focus on sustainability; high consumer confidence in organic food due to state certification system; food trends – local, healthy & natural, and ”easy-to-make”.

Organic Agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems, and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic Agriculture combines tradition, innovation, and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and good quality of life for all involved.

Keywords: organic agriculture, Danish model, regulations, control.

References:

1. Codex Alimentarius Commission, 1999. URL: http://www.fao.org/input/download/report/250/nf00_01e.pdf
2. What is organic agriculture? URL: http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq1/es/
3. Principles of organic agriculture. URL: https://www.ifoam.bio/why-organic/shaping-agriculture/four-principles-organic
4. Global organic food market nears €100 billion. URL: https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/news/global-organic-food-market-nears-100-billion/
5. The organic way – the Danish model. URL: https://www.organicdenmark.com/facts-figures-about-danish-organics
6. Organic food labels. URL: https://www.organicdenmark.com/the-danish-organic-label
7. What is the Organic Cuisine Label? URL: https://oekologisk-spisemaerke.dk
8. Organic market share. URL: https://statistics.fibl.org/
9. Facts and figures about Danish Organics – Organic Denmark. URL: https://www.organicdenmark.com/facts-figures-about-danish-organics
10. World leading organic nation – Organic Denmark. URL: https://www.organicdenmark.com/world-leading-organic-nation

 

UDC  658.512:620.2:636.085

 

Kostetska K.

Ulianych I.

Zheliezna V.

Holubiev M.

 

The aim of the article was to expand the range of animal feed. The article presents data on the improvement of the technology of developed feed mixtures from grain and a number of components of fruits and vegetables.

Work was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Grain and the Department of Biology of Uman National University of Horticulture as well as the Department of Storage and Processing of Grain of National University of Food Technologies.

The technology of extruded feed mixture production has been improved. The technology consists in preliminary preparation of raw materials: cleaned, crushed, its dosage according to the composition, mixing and special processing to improve technological properties and increase feed value with processes: premixing, aging and extrusion of the mixture, cooling and grinding depending on feed purpose.

The production methods of feed additives are different and depend on the enterprises that produce and on the physical and technological properties of raw materials. It has been proven that in feed mills, extruded feed mixtures can be introduced using a meal line if they come to the plant from other producers, and an extrusion line if it is provided at the plant.

The technology of feed additives with the use of fruit and vegetable raw materials has been improved: table beets, carrots, parsnips, potatoes. Engineering in the technology of production of feed additives is the preliminary preparation of cereals and vegetables: cleaning, grinding, dosing, mixing, aging and extrusion of mixtures according to the composition of the recipe, cooling and grinding of the extrudate.

A method for introducing vegetable raw materials into compound feeds has been developed, which includes cleaning vegetable raw materials in washing machines, extracting juice with simultaneous grinding, mixing 5-10% of pomace with grain and wet-heat treatment of the mixture by extrusion.

Keywords: grain, fruit and vegetable raw materials, feed additives, extrusion technology, engineering.

References:

1. Kucher, M. І. (2003). Production of compound feeds at the enterprises of SJSC “Bread of Ukraine”: state, problems, prospects. Effective poultry and livestock, 2, 5-7. (Ukrainian).
2. Durst, L., Vittman, M. (2003). Feeding farm animals: Translated from German, edited by I. I. Ibatulin, G. V. Provatorov. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha, 384 р. (Russian).
3. Ibragimov, А. (2003). Flavoring and aromatic additives in animal feed. Compound feed, 5, 63 р. (Russian).
4. Ulyanych, І. F., Kostetska, V., Holubiev, М. І. (2017). Development of compound feed recipes. Collected Works of Uman NUH, 91, 121-129. (Ukrainian).
5. Kostetska, V., Ulyanych, І. F., Holubiev, М. І. (2018). Chemical composition of the extruded product of a mixture of corn grain, barley with fruit and vegetable components. Collected Works of Uman NUH, 92, 109-119. (Ukrainian).
6. Yegorov, B., Tarahtii, А., Kuznyetsov, N., Tyschenko, Ya.(1999). Production of compound feed and premixes in Ukraine. Compound feed, 2, 10-1 (Russian).
7. Kostetska, V. (2018). The optimal diameter of the hole of the die of the extruder during the production of extruded feed mixtures: materials of the international scientific-practical conference “Innovative technologies in crop production: problems and their solutions”. Zhytomyr, 301-304. (Ukrainian).
8. Osokina, N. M., Kostetska, V. (2016). Physical and mechanical properties and quality indicator of barley. Bulletin of Uman NUH, 2, 48-51.
9. Martynenko, Ya. F. (1975). Industrial production of compound feed. М.: Кolos, 216 p. (Russian).
10. Rules for organizing and maintaining the technological process of production of mixed feed products. К., 1990. 20 p. (Ukrainian).
11. Shapovalenko, O. I. Yevtushenko, O. O., Ulyanich, I. F. (2012). Grain extrusion with the addition of vegetable feed components. Grain storage and processing, 11, 62-64. (Russian).

 

UDC 635.6:631.8

 

Аlmashova V.

Onishenko S.

Yevtushenko О.

 

The article is devoted to the study of the use of the nutrients boron and molybdenum in the main phases of vegetable pea development. It is known that the lack of these nutrients in the process of plant growth and development can lead to the formation of agricultural products of poor quality, as well as the formation of deteriorated organoleptic qualities or low productivity. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the pre-sowing treatment of crop seeds when growing agricultural crops, in order to obtain high and stable yields. This article scientifically substantiates and proves the possibility of obtaining high-quality environmentally friendly products of vegetable peas applying certain specific rates of boron and molybdenum fertilizers. The results of our studies show that the tendency to an increase in the number of complex leaves under the influence of seed treatment with boron and molybdenum in different combinations was observed in all the variants of the experiment for both sowing periods. On the basis of the conducted research, the schedule of modeling of the influence of seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on productivity and the achievement of technical ripeness of peas is developed.

In the course of the research it was noticed that in the period of the development of generative organs seed treatment with microelements almost does not affect the length of interphase periods. During the research, we also found that the number of flowers and beans over the years of the research, both in early and late sowing, did not differ significantly, but the influence of the factors under study on them was significant. An increase in the yield in our experiments was due to the number of beans per plant, rather than the number of seeds per bean.

Analysis of the experimental data shows that the treatment of peas with boron and molybdenum, as well as sowing dates significantly affect the timing of the technological phase of the crop maturity, as observed by other researchers.

Keywords: vegetable peas, nutrients, boron and molybdenum fertilizers, physiological processes, plant organ formation, leaf surface index.

References:

1. Almashova V.S., Kovshakova T.S. Vpliv klImatichnih zmIn na prostoroviy rozvitok teritorIy ZemlI: naslIdki ta shlyahi virIshennya: ZbIrnik naukovih prats II MIzhnarodnoYi naukovo-praktichnoYi konferentsIYi. Herson, 13-14 chervnya 2019 roku. Herson: DVNZ «HDAU», 2019. 234s.
2. Almashova V.S., Semen O.T., Onischenko S.O. AgroekologIchne obGruntuvannya viroschuvannya gorohu ovochevogo Iz zastosuvannyam bIologIchnogo stimulyatoru rostu rizotorfIn. VIsnik Umanskogo natsIonalnogo unIversitetu sadIvnitstva. Uman, 2020. S. 3-6.
3. Gamayunova V.V., KokovIhIn S.V, Almashova V.S., Onischenko S.O. AgrobIologIchne obGruntuvannya tehnologIYi viroschuvannya gorohu ovochevogo v umovah pIvdnya UkraYini: monografIya. Herson: Aylant, 2017. 183 s.
4. Gamayunova V. V. Vpliv absorbentu ta obrobki nasInnya I roslin uprodovzh vegetatsIYi rIstregulyuyuchimi preparatami na vrozhaynIst gorohu. VIsnik Zhitomirskogo NAU. 2015. # 2 (50), t.1. S. 182-189.
5. Derzhavniy reEstr sortIv roslin pridatnih dlya poshirennya v UkraYinI v 2015 rotsI. K., 2015. 324 s.
6. MalIEnko M.V. Goroh – lokomotiv rodyuchostI GruntIv. Selo poltavske. 2013. #9. S.12.
7. Ogurtsov Yu. E. UrozhaynIst roslin zalezhno vId zastosuvannya regulyatorIv rostu roslin I mIkrodobriva na rIznih fonah zhivlennya. NaukovI dopovIdI NUBIP UkraYini. 2015. # 2 (51). S. 24-28.
8. Rozvadovskiy A.M. Intensivna tehnologIya viroschuvannya ovochevogo gorohu. K.: Urozhay, 2000. 40 s.
9. Ushkarenko V. O. S. Zroshuvane zemlerobstvo: pIdruchnik (perevidannya). K.: Urozhay, 2016. 326 s.
10. Chaykovska L.O. Vpliv bIofosforu na vrozhaynIst roslin v umovah pIvdennogo Stepu. L.O. Chaykovska. OptimIzatsIya strukturi landshaftIv I ratsIonalne vikoristannya Gruntovih resursIv. K., 2010. S. 91-94.
11. HuhlaEv I.I., Koblay S. V., SIchkar V. I. UrozhaynIst sortIv gorohu za umov posuhi. ZbIrnik naukovih prats SelektsIyno-genetichnogo Institutu – NatsIonalnogo tsentru nasInnEznavstva ta sortovivchennya. 2015 Vip. 23. S. 65-71.
12. Evans J. Response of soybean – Rhizobium symbioses to mineral nitrogen. Plant and Soil. 2002. 66, # 3. P. 439-442.
13. Dari P.J. Nitrogen fixation associated with non-legumes in agriculture. Plant and Soil. 2006. 90. P. 303-334.
14. PropozitsIya: golovniy zhurnal z pitan agrobIznesu. URL: https://propozitsiya.com/ua/z-gorohom-bida-ale-ne-vidmovlyayemos-i–perehodymo-na-ozymyy.

UDC 633.15:551.583

 

Polevoy A.

Kostiukievych T.

Tolmachova А.

Zhygailo О.

 

Any change in climatic conditions affects agriculture and crop production, above all. Cereals reach their peak yields only when certain environmental conditions are combined. The stages of their life cycle depend on specific events and specific time, they cannot help but respond to violations of the usual order of things. Raising the temperature makes seeds germinate earlier, and plants grow faster – the duration of the interphase periods is reduced. At higher temperatures, grain crops do not have enough time to form a sufficient amount of biological material, which in turn can lead to a decrease in the yield.

Reliable provision of the country population with food is of strategic importance in the context of the global world financial and economic crisis. Solving the problem of food security, corn grain plays a special role as the most important and socially significant product.

Scientists are developing future climate predictions using general circulation models in which the concentration of greenhouse gases changes. Since it is impossible to know their exact future concentrations, these general circulation models are run with different potential scenarios of greenhouse gas concentrations. These scenarios are referred to as representative concentration paths (RCP).

The article presents the results of assessing the impact of climate changes on the corn productivity formation in the western forest-steppe of Ukraine. For studying the RCP6.0 scenario of possible climate changes for the period up to 2050 was used. A dynamic model of the agricultural crops productivity developed by Polevoy A.M. was used as a research apparatus.

An analysis of the agroclimatic conditions for corn growing showed that the growing season under the climatic changes conditions will take place against a background of significantly increased temperatures and reduced precipitation in the middle and at the end of the growing season. On the contrary, precipitation is expected to increase by 41% at the beginning of the growing season. The expected increase in the air temperature during the growing season can lead to a reduction in the interphase periods and the growing season in general (by 8%), which will affect the corn yield.

Calculating the indicators of the corn crops photosynthetic productivity showed that an increase in the leaf area under the climatic changes conditions will lead to a decrease in productivity. Against a background of the increased temperatures, the increase in CO₂ will not be able to sufficiently compensate for the losses. Thus, according to the RCP 6.0 scenario, the corn grain yield is expected to decrease by 11%, and under the RCP 6.0 scenario + СО₂ – by 2%.

 Keywords: corn, climate change, crop productivity, leaf area, RCP 6.0 scenario.

References:

1. Kostyukyevych, T.K., & Tolmachova, A.V. (2020). Ocinka vplyvu zminy klimatu na agroklimatychni umovy vyroshhuvannya kukurudzy v centralnij chastyni Ukrayiny. Innovation. Qualit / Nauka, Innovaciya. Yakist. Berdyansk : BSPU, 1(1), 264-267 [In Ukrainian].
2. Kostyukyevych, T.K., Tolmachova, A.V., & Bortnyk, M.I (2019). Alternatyvni dzherela energiyi u pidvyshhenni energoefektyvnosti ta energonezalezhnosti silskyx terytorij. Alternatyvni dzherela energiyi u pidvyshhenni energoefektyvnosti ta energonezalezhnosti silskyx terytorij : kolektyvna monografiya ; za red. O. Yasnolob, T. O. Chajky, O. O. Gorba. Poltava : «Astraya», 94-101 [In Ukrainian].
3. Basso, B., Cammarano, D., & Carfagna, E. (2013). Review of Crop Yield Forecasting Methods and Early Warning Systems. In Proceedings of the First Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics. Rome, 15-31.
4. Deb, P., Shrestha, S., & Babel, M.S. (2015). Forecasting Climate Change Impacts and Evaluation of Adaptation Options for Maize Cropping in the Hilly Terrain of Himalayas: Sikkim, India. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 121, 649-667.
   doi: 10.1007/s00704-014-1262-4
5. FAO. Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security. In World Summit on Food Security. Rome: FAO, 2009, 1-7.
6. Bassu, S., Brisson, N., Durand, J. L., Boote, K., Lizaso, J., Jones, J. W., Baron, C. et al. (2014). How Do Various Maize Crop Models Vary in Their Responses to Climate Change Factors? Global Change Biology, l, 20, 2301-2320. doi: 1111/gcb.12520
7. Stocker, T., Qin, D., Plattner, G., Tignor, M., Allen, S., Boschung, J., & Midgley, P. (2013). Summary for Policymakers in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University
8. Ahmed, I., Ur Rahman, M. H., Ahmed, S., Hussain, J., Ullah, A., & Judge, J. Assessing the Impact of Climate Variability on Maize Using Simulation Modeling under Semi-Arid Environment of Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 28413-28430. doi:1007/s11356-018-2884-3
9. Kang, Y., Khan, S., & Ma, X. (2009). Climate Change Impacts on Crop Yield, Crop Water Productivity and Food Security-A Review. Progress in Natural Science, 19, 1665-1674.
   doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2009.08.001
10. IPCC, 2018: Global Warming of 1.5°C.An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press. Retrieved from: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_Low_Res.pdf
11. Wang, W., Dong, X., Lu, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, R., Li, M., & Pu, X. (2018). Soil Water Balance and Water Use Efficiency of Rain-Fed Maize under a Cool Temperate Climate as Modeled by the AquaCrop. Paper Presented at the MATEC Web of Conferences.
    doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201824601059
12. Xiao, D., & Tao, F. (2016). Contributions of Cultivar Shift, Management Practice and Climate Change to Maize Yield in North China Plain in 1981-2009. International Journal of Biometeorology, 60, 1111-1122. doi: 10.1007/s00484-015-1104-9
13. Lin, Y., Feng, Z., Wu, W., Yang, Y., Zhou, Y., & Xu, C. (2017). Potential Impacts of Climate Change and Adaptation on Maize in Northeast China. Agronomy Journal, 109, 1476-1490. doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.05.0275
14. Parkes, B., Sultan, B., & Ciais, P. (2018). The Impact of Future Climate Change and Potential Adaptation Methods on Maize Yields in West Africa. Climatic Change, 151, 205-217. doi: 10.1007/s10584-018-2290-3
15. Araya, A., Hoogenboom, G., Luedeling, E., Hadgu, K. M., Kisekka, , & Martorano, L. G. (2015). Assessment of Maize Growth and Yield Using Crop Models under Present and Future Climate in Southwestern Ethiopia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 214, 252-265. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.259
16. Kostyukyevych, T.K., Adamenko, T.I. (2015). Vplyv zmin klimatu na producijnyj proces kukurudzy). Klimatychni zminy ta yix vplyv na sfery ekonomiky Ukrayiny: kolektyvna monografiya ; za red. M. Stepanenko, A. M. Polovyj. Odesa: TES,  369-380 [In Ukrainian].
17. “Climate change: How do we know?” NASA Global Climate Change and Global Warming: Vital Signs of the Planet, accessed June 13, 2018. Retrieved from: https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
18. Polevoj,N. (1988). Prikladnoe modelirovanie i prognozirovanie produktivnosti posevov. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat [In Russian].
19. Agroklimatychnyj dovidnyk po terytoriyi Ukrayiny. / za red. T.I. Adamenko, M.I. Kulbidy, A.L. Prokopenko. Kam’yanecz-Podilskyj: PP Galagodza, 2011, 107 [In Ukrainian].
20. Kefeli,I. (1991). Fotomorfogenez, fotosintez i rost, kak osnova produktivnosti rastenij. Pushino: ONTI PNC AN SSSR [In Russian].
21. Kuperman, F. M. (1963). Morfofiziologicheskaya izmenchivost rastenij v ontogeneze. Moskva: Moskovskij universitet [In Russian].

UDC 634.22(477.7)

 

Zamorskyi V.

Kamedzko T.

Manushkina T.

Samoilenko M.

Buchilov V.

 

It was studied the dynamics of productivity of the mother root and cutting garden of the pumiselect clone rootstock, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine, as well as technological aspects of crop management. In the first three years of vegetation of mother plants, there was an intensive build-up of the aboveground part of the bushes, which gave rise to transfer them to the state of operational plantings. The dynamics of the formation of the height and diameter of mother plants during this period made it possible to sufficiently justify the optimal plant placement schemes and nutrition area.

It was found that with an increase in the age of mother plantings and taking into account the almost complete alienation of annual growth for harvesting lignified cuttings, there was a decrease in plant habit, which led to a decrease in the productivity of plantings. The height of mother plants for five years of intensive operation decreased by 2.1 times, the width decreased by 2.0 times, the crown projection area decreased by 4.1 times, the leaf apparatus area decreased by 7.4 times.

A direct relationship was found between an increase in the age of mother plants and changes in the main morphological elements that determine their productivity. There was an annual decrease in the number of growing shoots and their length, which, in turn, led to a decrease in the total length of growth from 142.3 thousand m/ha down to 33.3 thousand m/ha, or by 4.3 times. In the most productive period of operation of mother plantings, it is possible to prepare 35.6 up to 42.8 m of growth per plant and 474.9 up to 570.2 thousand Pcs. / ha of cuttings, while from aging plantings it is prepared only 10.0 up to 16.8 m of growth per plant and 133.6 up to 223.6 thousand Pcs. / ha of cuttings.

It was shown that mother plants of the pumiselect clone rootstock, with their intensive use, significantly reduced the productivity of plantings after the second year of their operation, in the 7^th – 9^th years of cultivation. Annual alienation of shoots negatively affected regeneration processes and led to accelerated aging of mother plants, which limited the feasibility of long-term cultivation in order to obtain lignified cuttings. Prospects for further research are to develop elements of cyclic operation of the mother root & cutting garden, which will help extend the duration of productive use of mother plants.

Keywords: pumiselect, clone rootstock, mother plantings, shoots, biometric characteristics, lignified cuttings.

References:

1. Kernasyuk, Yu. Rynok fruktiv: potencial zrostannya. Agrobiznes sogodni. http://agro-business.com.ua/agro/ekonomichnyi-hektar/item/12231-rynok-fruktiv-potentsial-zrostannia.html
2. Bosyj, O. (2019). Sadivnykam slid obmirkuvaty` strategiyu ukrayinskoyi selekciyi j spilno finansuvaty stvorennya novyx komercijnyx sortiv. Sadivnycztvo po-ukrayinsky, 1(31), 6.
3. Lytovchenko, O. M., Pavlyuk, V. V., Omelchenko, I. K. (2011). Krashhi sorti plodovyx i gorixoplidnyx kultur ukrayinskoyi selekciyi. Kyyiv: Presa Ukrayiny, 144.
4. Aleksyeyeva, O., Klochko, N. (2018). Sorty i pidshhepy persyka. Sadivnycztvo po-ukrayinsky, 5, 48–51.
5. Jacob, H. (1999). Applied fruit breeding of the Geisenheim Research Institute. Erwerbsobstbau (Germany), 41 (5), 169–173.
6. Solari,I., Pernice, F., DeJong, T. M. (2006). The relationship of hydraulic conductance to root system characteristics of peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks. Physiol. Plantarum, 128, 324–333.
7. Szewczuk, A., Gudarowska, E. (2005). Kilka uwag o karłowej podkładce dla brzoskwini – Pumiselect®. Sad Nowoczesny, 2, 20–54
8. Gudarowska, E., Licznar-Maùañczuk, M. (2006) The quality of root system of dwarf rootstock ‘Pumiselect’ for peach trees. Agronomijas Vestis, 9, 24–27.
9. Licznar-Malanczuk, Sosna, I. (2013). Growth and yielding of the several apricot cultivars on the ‘Somo’ seedling and vegetative rootstock Pumiselect®. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum – Hortorum Cultus, 12(5), 85–95.
10. Wolf, J., Ondráðek, I., Neèas, T. (2019). Potential use of spring budding techniques in production of plum nursery trees.Proceedings of the Latvian academy of sciences, Section B, Vol. 73, No. 3 (720), 220– DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2019-0035
11. Milošević, T., Milošević, N. (2019). Behavior of some cultivars of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) on different rootstocks. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 69, 1–11
12. Ohundzhanov, A. H. (2017). Razmnozhenie klonovogo podvoja «Pumiselekt» odrevesnevshimi cherenkami. Uchenye zapiski Hudzhandskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. akad. B. Gafurova, 3 (42), 78-81.
13. Bushylov, V. D., Samojlenko, T. G. (2017). Vplyv terminiv zhyvcyuvannya na ukorinenist zderevyanilyx zhyvciv klonovoyi pidshhepy Pumiselekt. Visnyk agrarnoyi nauky Prychornomor’ya, 4, 89–97.
14. Zamorskyj, V., Bushylov, V. (2020). Pumiselekt: zhyvcyamyvy gidnishe. Sadivnycztvo po-ukrayinsky. Zhovten, 54–58.

UDC 658.155:005.915

 

Babiak N.

Krutous N.

 

Abstract. Introduction. This article is devoted to CVP–analysis, which is an operational tool of cost controlling, and without it the process of operational profit planning of any enterprise is impossible. In this article the emphasis is made on the limitations and assumptions that “cost-volume-profit” analysis has, as well as opportunities that this method provides to companies are identified, including in cases of multiproduct manufacturing

Purpose. The purpose of this article is approbation and identifying of features of CVP-analysis used in practical activity of industrial enterprises, in particular in the conditions of multiproduct manufacturing.

Results. The article reveals features of CVP-analysis in the conditions of multiproduct manufacturing and the authors compare methods of its implementation. Possibilities of application of analysis results during managerial decisions making in the system of operational controlling are identified. The authors research the issue of distribution of total fixed undistributed costs for certain types of production by different methods, as well as determining of break-even level of production and sales of certain types of production on the basis of weighted average profit margin. Modeling of different scenarios of production and sale of certain types of production made it possible to determine the maximum and minimum possible level of operational profit under the influence of changes in demand, assortment and enterprise’s production marginality. With the help of operational lever in the framework of operational analysis at production enterprise the influence of changes in the level of fixed costs and specific variable costs on the profit are researched.

Conclusions. In the article, it is proved that the success of CVP-analysis depends on solving the number of operational controlling tasks, meaning: optimization of cost level, accurate forecasting of demand and formation of products assortment with high marginality, managing the ratio of fixed and variable costs with the aim of increasing operational profit and increase efficiency of enterprise production activities.

Keywords: CVP analysis, variable costs, fixed costs, margin profit, break-even point, operational analysis, operational controlling

 

References:

1. Upchurch, A. (1998), Management Accounting: Principles & Practice, Financial Times, London, UK, 706 p.
2. Seung, Hwan, Kim (2015), Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis for a Multi-Product Company: Micro Approach Dr. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting. Vol. 5, No. 1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v5i1.6832
3. Klementieva, O. & Zolotarova, O. (2011).  Operatsiinyi analiz na pidpryiemstvakh restorannoho hospodarstva. Ekonomichnyi analiz.  Vyp.  9. S. 227-232 [in Ukrainian].
4. Odintsova, T.M., Nevmerzhytska, O. V. & Chaus, I. V. (2013). CVP-analiz yak instrument upravlinnia finansovymy rezultatamy pidpryiemstva. Finansovyi prostir. # 1. S. 90-95  [in Ukrainian].
5. Paskalova, A.G. (2014). CVP-analiz kak instrument operativnogo kontrollinga zatrat. Kontrolling na malyh i srednih predpriâtiâh. Sbornik naučnyh trudov IV mežd. kongressa po kontrollingu 25 aprelâ 2014 g.. Pod nauč. red. prof. Falʹko S.G. [Èlektronnyj resurs]. – Režim dostupa:  http://controlling.ru/files/56.pdf  [in Russian].
6. Tereshchenko O.O., Babiak N.D. Finansovyi kontrolinh: navch. posib. K. : KNEU. 2013. 407 s. [in Ukrainian].
7. Kupriienko, A. V. (2018). Controlling Concept  Development in the Context of  Formation of Accounting Provision. Modern Economics, 12, 126-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31521/modecon.V12(2018)-19.
8. Babiak, N.D. & Ivaniuk, K.B. (2015). CVP-analiz: tradytsiinyi ta upravlinskyi pidkhody. Biznes Inform. # 8. S. 272-276. – Rezhym dostupu: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/binf_2015_8_43. [in Ukrainian].
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